锂盐添加剂和成膜添加剂对锂电池低温电化学性能的影响

doi:10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2024.0195

人工晶体学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 146-157.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2024.0195

锂盐添加剂和成膜添加剂对锂电池低温电化学性能的影响

江晓雪¹, 宋飞², 胡广宇², 许锦铧¹, 李翠芹^1,3

1.贵州大学化学与化工学院,贵阳 550025;
2.贵州航盛锂能科技有限公司,贵阳 550025;
3.贵州省磷氟资源高效利用协同创新中心,贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-22
通信作者: 李翠芹,博士,副教授。E-mail:cqli@gzu.edu.cn
作者简介:江晓雪(1999— ),女,贵州省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:2524870520@qq.com
基金资助:
含氟电解质及电解液的关键技术开发与示范(黔科合战略找矿〔2022〕 ZD006号);贵州省教育厅自然科学项目(黔教技〔2022〕001号)

Effect of Lithium Salt and Film-Forming Additives on the Low Temperature Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

JIANG Xiaoxue¹, SONG Fei², HU Guangyu², XU Jinhua¹, LI Cuiqin^1,3

1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
2. Guizhou Hang Sheng Lithium Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China;
3. Guizhou Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Phosphorus and Fluorine Resources, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2024-09-04 Online:2025-01-15 Published:2025-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文以LiPF₆为基础锂盐,LiDFOB+LiBF₄+LiPO₂F₂为锂盐添加剂,氟碳酸乙烯(FEC)+碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)+三(三甲基硅基)磷酸酯(TMSP)为成膜添加剂,碳酸乙烯酯(EC)+碳酸二甲酯(DMC)+碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)为溶剂,构建低温电解液,用于提升LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂(NCM811)锂离子电池的低温(-20 ℃)性能。采用多种分析技术研究低温电解液的性能,以及锂盐添加剂和成膜添加剂对锂离子电池电化学性能的影响。结果表明,低温电解液具有循环稳定性好、锂沉积性能好的优点,由低温电解液组装的锂离子电池具有优异的低温电化学性能:在-20 ℃、0.1 C倍率下首次放电比容量为171.5 mAh/g,1 C下循环120次容量保持率为96.33%。循环前、后极片的SEM和TEM分析结果表明,在锂盐添加剂和成膜添加剂的作用下,低温电解液会在正极表面形成均匀致密的CEI膜,抑制正极材料开裂,防止电解液的分解,有效提升NCM811锂离子电池在低温下的电化学性能。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 锂盐添加剂, 成膜添加剂, 低温电解液, 电化学性能

Abstract: A low-temperature electrolyte was constructed with LiPF₆ as the lithium salt, LiDFOB+LiBF₄+LiPO₂F₂ as the lithium salt additives, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)+ vinylene carbonate (VC)+tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphae (TMSP) as the film-forming additives, and ethylene carbonate (EC)+dimethyl carbonate (DMC)+ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as the solvent, and was used to improve the low-temperature (-20 ℃) performance of NCM811 (LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂) lithium-ion battery. The properties of low-temperature electrolytes were studied by various analytical techniques, and the effects of lithium salts and film-forming additives on the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries were studied. The results show that the low-temperature electrolyte has good cycling stability and lithium deposition performance. Lithium-ion batteries assembled from low-temperature electrolytes have excellent low-temperature electrochemical properties. The first discharge specific capacity is 171.5 mAh/g at -20 ℃ and 0.1 C, and the capacity retention rate is 96.33% for 120 cycles at 1 C. The SEM and TEM results of the electrodes before and after cycling show that the low-temperature electrolyte form a uniform and dense CEI film on the surface of the positive electrode, due to the action of lithium salt and film-forming additives, which restrain the cracking of the positive electrode material and prevent the electrolyte decomposition, effectively improving the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, lithium salt additive, film-forming additive, low-temperature electrolyte, electrochemical property

中图分类号:

TM912

江晓雪, 宋飞, 胡广宇, 许锦铧, 李翠芹. 锂盐添加剂和成膜添加剂对锂电池低温电化学性能的影响[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2025, 54(1): 146-157.

JIANG Xiaoxue, SONG Fei, HU Guangyu, XU Jinhua, LI Cuiqin. Effect of Lithium Salt and Film-Forming Additives on the Low Temperature Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2025, 54(1): 146-157.

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锂盐添加剂和成膜添加剂对锂电池低温电化学性能的影响

Effect of Lithium Salt and Film-Forming Additives on the Low Temperature Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

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