Research Progress on the Growth of Large-Sized CsPbBr3 Crystals by the Melt Method

doi:10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2024.0187

Abstract

Abstract: All-inorganic halide crystal CsPbBr₃ has gained significant attention due to its outstanding high-energy ray resolution capability and excellent environmental adaptability. However, due to the presence of structural phase transitions and thermal stresses, stress is prone to arise during the growth process of large-sized CsPbBr₃ crystals, leading to defects such as cracks on the crystal surface, subgrain boundaries and twin crystals. These defects have severely impact on the performance of CsPbBr₃ crystals. Currently, large-sized high-quality CsPbBr₃still can't be mass-produced through effective means, restricting its further application. Hence, conducting research on the growth and performance of large-sized CsPbBr₃ crystals holds great theoretical significance and practical value. This paper briefly summarizes the fundamental properties, crystal preparation methods and research progress of CsPbBr₃ crystals, mainly discussing the influencing factors of the vertical Bridgman growth method, and proposing novel optimization ideas for the growth of high-quality CsPbBr₃ crystals.

Key words: CsPbBr₃, melt method, all-inorganic halide, zone melting, radiation detection

CLC Number:

TANG Jia, SUN Zhicheng, ZHANG Zubang, LUO Hui. Research Progress on the Growth of Large-Sized CsPbBr₃ Crystals by the Melt Method[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2025, 54(1): 1-10.

References

[1] SHUBAYR N. Nuclear security measures: a review of selected emerging technologies and strategies[J]. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2024, 17(1): 100814.
[2] USANASE N, UZUN B, OZSAHIN D U, et al. A look at radiation detectors and their applications in medical imaging[J]. Japanese Journal of Radiology, 2024, 42(2): 145-157.
[3] FROST R J W, HERMANSSON E, NAGY G, et al. Baseline measurements in the assessment of ESS-specific radionuclide uptake by crops cultivated in Southern Sweden[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 2024, 556:165514.
[4] HOLLANDER J M. The impact of semiconductor detectors on gamma-ray and electron spectroscopy[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1966, 43(1): 65-109.
[5] LI Z, BRUZZI M, EREMIN V, et al. Gamma radiation induced space charge sign inversion and re-inversion in p-type MCZ Si detectors and in proton-irradiated n-type MCZ Si detectors[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2005, 552(1/2): 34-42.
[6] DOS SANTOS J M F, MONTEIRO C M B, MORGADO R E, et al. Energy linearity of high-purity germanium detectors in the region of the Ge K-absorption edge: experimental results[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2000, 53(4/5): 739-743.
[7] AKKERMAN Q A, RAINÒ G, KOVALENKO M V, et al. Genesis, challenges and opportunities for colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals[J]. Nature Materials, 2018, 17(5): 394-405.
[8] SWARNKAR A, RAVI V K, NAG A. Beyond colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals: analogous metal halides and doping[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2017, 2(5): 1089-1098.
[9] PARK B, KANG S M, LEE G W, et al. Fabrication of CsPbBr₃ perovskite quantum dots/cellulose-based colorimetric sensor: dual-responsive on-site detection of chloride and iodide ions[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2020, 59(2): 793-801.
[10] PAN W C, YANG B, NIU G D, et al. Hot-pressed CsPbBr₃ quasi-monocrystalline film for sensitive direct X-ray detection[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(44): e1904405.
[11] PAN L, FENG Y X, KANDLAKUNTA P, et al. Performance of perovskite CsPbBr₃ single crystal detector for gamma-ray detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2020, 67(2): 443-449.
[12] WANG Y W, ZHU Y H, HUANG J F, et al. CsPbBr₃ perovskite quantum dots-based monolithic electrospun fiber membrane as an ultrastable and ultrasensitive fluorescent sensor in aqueous medium[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2016, 7(21): 4253-4258.
[13] OTTAVIANI G, CANALI C, QUARANTA A A. Charge carrier transport properties of semiconductor materials suitable for nuclear radiation detectors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1975, 22(1): 192-204.
[14] HE Y H, MATEI L, JUNG H J, et al. High spectral resolution of gamma-rays at room temperature by perovskite CsPbBr₃ single crystals[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 1609.
[15] RAKITA Y, KEDEM N, GUPTA S, et al. Low-temperature solution-grown CsPbBr₃ single crystals and their characterization[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2016, 16(10): 5717-5725.
[16] CHA J H, HAN J H, YIN W P, et al. Photoresponse of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite single crystals[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2017, 8(3): 565-570.
[17] DING J X, DU S J, ZUO Z Y, et al. High detectivity and rapid response in perovskite CsPbBr₃ single-crystal photodetector[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2017, 121(9): 4917-4923.
[18] ZHANG H J, LIU X, DONG J P, et al. Centimeter-sized inorganic lead halide perovskite CsPbBr₃ crystals grown by an improved solution method[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2017, 17(12): 6426-6431.
[19] DIRIN D N, CHERNIUKH I, YAKUNIN S, et al. Solution-grown CsPbBr₃ perovskite single crystals for photon detection[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(23): 8470-8474.
[20] ZHANG H J, WANG F B, LU Y F, et al. High-sensitivity X-ray detectors based on solution-grown caesium lead bromide single crystals[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2020, 8(4): 1248-1256.
[21] MØLLER C K. Crystal structure and photoconductivity of Caesium plumbohalides[J]. Nature, 1958, 182(4647): 1436.
[22] STOUMPOS C C, MALLIAKAS C D, PETERS J A, et al. Crystal growth of the perovskite semiconductor CsPbBr₃: a new material for high-energy radiation detection[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2013, 13(7): 2722-2727.
[23] ZHANG M Z, ZHENG Z P, FU Q Y, et al. Growth and characterization of all-inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor CsPbBr₃ single crystals[J]. CrystEngComm, 2017, 19(45): 6797-6803.
[24] SONG J Z, CUI Q Z, LI J H, et al. Ultralarge all-inorganic perovskite bulk single crystal for high-performance visible-infrared dual-modal photodetectors[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2017, 5(12): 1700157.
[25] 张鹏. 全无机钙钛矿溴铅铯晶体的生长及性质研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2019.
ZHANG P. Study on growth and properties of all-inorganic perovskite cesium bromide crystal[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2019 (in Chinese).
[26] TOUFANIAN R, SWAIN S, BECLA P, et al. Cesium lead bromide semiconductor radiation detectors: crystal growth, detector performance and polarization[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2022, 10(35): 12708-12714.
[27] ZHANG P, SUN Q H, XU Y D, et al. Enhancing carrier transport properties of melt-grown CsPbBr₃ single crystals by eliminating inclusions[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2020, 20(4): 2424-2431.
[28] SUN Q H, GE B Z, XIAO B, et al. High-performance industrial-grade CsPbBr₃ single crystal by solid-liquid interface engineering[J]. Advanced Science, 2023, 10(23): e2302236.
[29] WEBER D. CH₃NH₃PbX₃, ein Pb(Ⅱ)-system mit kubischer perowskitstruktur CH₃NH₃PbX₃, a Pb(Ⅱ)-system with cubic perovskite structure[J]. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B, 1978, 33(12): 1443-1445.
[30] GROTH P. Entwicklungsgeschichte der mineralogischen Wissenschaften[M]. Berlin: J. Springer, 1926.
[31] SHANNON R D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides[J]. Acta Crystallographica Section A, 1976, 32(5): 751-767.
[32] LEE W, LI H S, WONG A B, et al. Ultralow thermal conductivity in all-inorganic halide perovskites[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114(33): 8693-8697.
[33] 岳骞. 高纯锗探测器在粒子物理与天体物理中的应用[J]. 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学, 2011, 41(12): 1434-1440.
YUE Q. The application of high purity germanium detector in particle and astroparticle physics[J]. Scientia Sinica (Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica), 2011, 41(12): 1434-1440 (in Chinese).
[34] SANGSINGKEOW P, BERRY K D, DUMAS E J, et al. Advances in germanium detector technology[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003, 505(1/2): 183-186.
[35] HALLER E E. Isotope shifts in the ground state of shallow, hydrogenic centers in pure germanium[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1978, 40(9): 584-586.
[36] SANGSINGKEOW P. Recent developments in HPGe material and detectors for gamma-ray spectroscopy[C]//Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics. Denver, CO, USA. SPIE, 1999.
[37] HALLER E E, HANSEN W L, HUBBARD G S, et al. Origin and control of the dominant impurities in high-purity germanium[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1976, 23(1): 81-87.
[38] 姜仪锡, 苏荫权, 李文明, 等. 高纯锗的区域提纯[J]. 吉林大学自然科学学报, 1984, 22(2): 125-126.
JIANG Y X, SU Y Q, LI W M, et al. Zone refining of high purity germanium[J]. Journal of Jilin University, 1984, 22(2): 125-126 (in Chinese).
[39] KOZLOV V, ANDERSSON H, GOSTILO V, et al. Improved process for the TlBr single-crystal detector[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2008, 591(1): 209-212.
[40] OLIVEIRA I B, CHUBACI J F D, ARMELIN M J A, et al. Purification and crystal growth of TlBr for application as a radiation detector[J]. Crystal Research and Technology, 2004, 39(10): 849-854.
[41] SZELES C, DRIVER M C. Growth and properties of semi-insulating CdZnTe for radiation detector applications[C]//Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Applications. San Diego, CA. SPIE, 1998.
[42] TOUFANIAN R, DATTA A, BECLA P, et al. Cesium lead bromide semiconductor-based gamma detectors: challenges and solutions[C]//Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XXIII. August 1-5, 2021. San Diego, USA. SPIE, 2021.
[43] WU Y. Combined purification and crystal growth of CsPbBr₃ by modified zone refining[D]. Ontario, Canada: Queen's University, 2022.

Research Progress on the Growth of Large-Sized CsPbBr₃ Crystals by the Melt Method

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 13

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LU Jianghao, HUANG Sheng, CHEN Lu, CHENG Yongchao, GAO Shasha, TAO Xueyu, GU Xiuquan. CsPbBr₃@TiO₂ Heterojunction Microcrystals Gas Sensor for Low-Concentration H₂S Stability Monitoring at Room Temperature [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2024, 53(10): 1815-1826.
[2]	ZHAO Meili, SUN Taofeng, GUI Qiang, ZHANG Chunsheng, WANG Shuyin, LIU Shan, LI Xinqiao, AN Zhenghua, YANG Sheng. Preparation and Properties of Large Size LaBr₃ Crystal Packages for Gravitational Wave Gamma-Ray Burst Detection [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2023, 52(3): 414-420.
[3]	YANG Yang, LIU Zhirong. Research Progress of Single Crystal Growth Methods for Nuclear Radiation Detection [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2022, 51(7): 1284-1299.
[4]	DONG Qizheng, HUANG Xinyi. Preparation of CsPbBr₃-Cs₄PbBr₆ Composite NCs by Ligand Assisted Mechanochemistry Method and Its Luminescence Intensity and Stability [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2022, 51(12): 2104-2111.
[5]	XIA Donglin, FU Chencheng. Preparation and Properties of Ce³⁺ Doped CsPbBr₃ Nanocrystals [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(12): 2246-2254.
[6]	XU Wenbin, WANG Haili, LI Hui, ZHOU Zhenxiang, SHI Shuangshuang, CHEN Jianrong, MA Jie. Growth and Properties of p-Terphenyl Organic Crystals [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(10): 1979-1983.
[7]	HOU Yueyun, GUI Qiang, ZHANG Chunsheng, YANG Lei, YUAN Huiping, LIU Shan, REN Guohao, ZHANG Mingrong. Scintillation Properties of Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce Crystal for Neutron and Gamma Dual Detection [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(10): 1933-1939.
[8]	GONG Zheng, WANG Xi, WANG Qin, LU Zhicen, PAN Shangke, PAN Jianguo. Effect of Oxygen on Electrical Performance of CsPbBr₃ Single Crystal [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(10): 1913-1918.
[9]	SUN Qihao, HAO Yingying, ZHANG Xin, XIAO Bao, JIE Wanqi, XU Yadong. Growth and Radiation Detection Properties of Cs₃Bi₂I₉ Crystal [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(10): 1907-1912.
[10]	ZHANG Xinlei, WANG Tao, ZHA Gangqiang. Fabrication of CsPbBr₃ Single-Crystal Film and Its X-Ray Detection Performance [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(10): 1900-1906.
[11]	YU Hui, ZHANG Mengmeng, DU Yuanyuan, XI Shouzhi, ZHA Gangqiang, JIE Wanqi. Analysis on Energy Spectra for CdZnTe Gamma Ray Detector [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(10): 1883-1891.
[12]	QIN Haoming, SHEN Nannan, HE Yihui. Research Progress on the Melt-Grown Inorganic Perovskite Semiconductor Single Crystals and Devices for Nuclear Radiation Detection [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(10): 1830-1843.
[13]	CAO Xian-ying;LIU Jun-cheng;LIU An-fa;BAI Jia-hai;REN Yun-peng;DING Rui. Preparation of Al2O3/MgAl2O4 Eutectic Ceramic by Zone Melting Method [J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2014, 43(10): 2580-2585.