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人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 736-745.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0250

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高性能光伏硅片切割液的复配设计与协同机理研究

张紫铜1(), 黄雪婷1, 邹洋1, 戴媛静1,2,3()   

  1. 1.清华大学天津高端装备研究院,润滑技术研究所,天津 300300
    2.季华实验室,佛山 528200
    3.超滑科技(佛山)有限责任公司,佛山 528200
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-10 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-09
  • 通信作者: 戴媛静,教授级高工。E-mail:daiyj@tsinghua-tj.org
  • 作者简介:张紫铜(1997—),男,河北省人,硕士,工程师。E-mail:zhangzt@tsinghua-tj.org
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52350323);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0711003);季华实验室科研项目(X210281TN210)

Compounding Design and Synergistic Mechanism of Cutting Fluid for Photovoltaic Silicon Wafers with High-Performance

ZHANG Zitong1(), HUANG Xueting1, ZOU Yang1, DAI Yuanjing1,2,3()   

  1. 1.Research Institute of Lubrication,Tianjin Research Institute for Advanced Equipment,Tsinghua University,Tianjin 300300,China
    2.Jihua Laboratory,Foshan 528200,China
    3.China Super Lubrication Technology (Foshan) Co. ,Foshan 528200,China
  • Received:2025-12-10 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-09

摘要: 为适应大尺寸、薄片化光伏硅片对金刚石多线切割技术提出的更高要求,并克服传统切割液因采用单一功能添加剂导致的润滑性、润湿性与抗泡性能难以协同优化的技术瓶颈,该研究突破传统单一添加剂的配方设计思路,提出一种多组分协同复配策略。该策略通过水性聚醚与油性聚醚复配构建复合润滑体系;选用炔二醇类与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类润湿剂进行组合,以优化动态表面张力;同时系统筛选出兼具即时与长效抗泡性能的炔醇聚醚类消泡剂。通过摩擦磨损测试、动态表面张力分析及泡沫特性表征,系统评估了切割液的关键性能,并最终在工业化切割试验中验证其综合表现。实验结果表明,润滑剂以20%(质量分数,下同)水性聚醚与2%油性聚醚的比例复配时,切割液摩擦系数降至0.079,磨痕宽度为536.8 μm,润滑性优于市售同类产品;润湿剂经特定比例复配后,切割液在不同气泡寿命阶段的动态表面张力均低于对比样品。现场应用结果显示,自研切割液(QS-C-101)切割所得硅片的A品率达到96.11%,崩边率、总厚度偏差(TTV)及线痕均值分别为0.26%、7.91 μm与7.69 μm,各项关键指标均优于市售切割液。该研究通过功能性添加剂的协同复配,成功开发出一款综合性能优异的高性能金刚石多线切割液,为解决大尺寸薄片硅锭切割过程中的质量与效率难题提供了可行的技术路径。

关键词: 金刚石线切割液; 润滑性; 润湿性; 抗泡性能; 复配协同; 光伏硅片

Abstract: To address the increasing demands for large-size, thin photovoltaic silicon wafers in diamond wire cutting technology, and to overcome the limitations of conventional cutting fluids that rely on single functional additives to simultaneously achieve high lubricity, wettability, and foam resistance, a novel multi-component compounding strategy was adopted. This approach involved the construction of a composite lubrication system through the combination of water-based polyether and oil-based polyether, optimization of dynamic surface tension via compounding of alkyne glycol and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether wetting agents, and identification of an alkyne alcohol polyether defoamer with both rapid and persistent antifoaming properties through systematic screening. The performance of the cutting fluid was systematically evaluated using laboratory friction and wear tests, dynamic surface tension analysis, and foam characteristic assessments, with its overall effectiveness further validated through industrial cutting trials. Laboratory results indicate that when lubricants were compounded at a ratio of 20% (mass fraction, the same below) water-based polyether and 2% oil-based polyether, the friction coefficient and wear scar width were reduced to 0.079 and 536.8 μm, respectively, demonstrating superior lubricating performance compared to commercial counterparts. After compounding the wetting agents at a specified ratio, the dynamic surface tension of the cutting fluid was observed to be lower than that of the reference sample across the entire bubble lifetime range. Field application results reveal that the A-grade rate of silicon wafers cut with the developed cutting fluid (QS-C-101) reaches 96.11%, accompanied by a chipping rate, total thickness variation (TTV), and average wire mark value of 0.26%, 7.91 μm, and 7.69 μm, respectively. All key performance metrics were found to be superior to those of the mainstream commercial cutting fluid. Through the synergistic compounding of functional additives, a high-performance diamond wire cutting fluid with outstanding comprehensive properties has been successfully developed, offering an effective technical solution to enhance the quality and efficiency of large-size, thin silicon ingot cutting.

Key words: diamond wire cutting fluid; lubricity; wettability; foam resistance; synergistic compounding; photovoltaic silicon wafer

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