熔芯法制备蓝宝石衍生光纤及其特性研究

doi:10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0082

人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1143-1153.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0082

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

熔芯法制备蓝宝石衍生光纤及其特性研究

刘学诚¹(), 王之凤¹, 张亮¹, 魏鹤鸣¹, 朱梦实¹, 鲁雅荣², 杨晓荣², 郝文娟², 刘广贺³, 庞拂飞¹()

^1.上海大学特种光纤与光接入网重点实验室，特种光纤光学与先进通信国际联合研究实验室，上海 200444
^2.天通银厦新材料有限公司，银川 750021
^3.蓝精微（上海）科技有限公司，上海 201800

收稿日期:2026-05-06 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-04
通信作者: 庞拂飞，博士，教授。E-mail：ffpang@shu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘学诚（1998—），男，山东省人，博士研究生。E-mail：xuechengliu@shu.edu.cn
庞拂飞，上海大学教授、博士生导师，曾获国家“优青”项目资助。依托特种光纤与光接入网重点实验室，主要开展特种光纤、传感及通信等研究。主持国家重点研发计划课题、国家自然科学基金重点项目等。发表多篇高水平论文，授权发明专利30项，曾获上海市科技进步一等奖等。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3209500);上海市浦江人才计划(2024PJD316);中国博士后科学基金(2024M751934)

Fabrication and Characterization of Sapphire-Derived Fibers by Molten Core Method

LIU Xuecheng¹(), WANG Zhifeng¹, ZHANG Liang¹, WEI Heming¹, ZHU Mengshi¹, LU Yarong², YANG Xiaorong², HAO Wenjuan², LIU Guanghe³, PANG Fufei¹()

^1.Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication，Key laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks，Shanghai University，Shanghai 200444，China
^2.TDG Yinxia New Material Co.，Ltd.，Yinchuan 750021，China
^3.Lanewell （Shanghai） Technology Co.，Ltd.，Shanghai 201800，China

Received:2026-05-06 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蓝宝石衍生光纤因兼具优异热稳定性和化学惰性，在极端环境光学传感中具有重要应用潜力。本文采用直径毫米量级蓝宝石晶棒作为纤芯预制棒，结合熔芯法实现了蓝宝石衍生光纤的长距离稳定连续拉制，并通过调控拉丝参数获得了三种典型芯包结构的直径，分别为样品Ⅰ：21.0/125 μm、样品Ⅱ：18.1/125 μm和样品Ⅲ：14.1/125 μm。光学测试表明，所制备蓝宝石衍生光纤在近红外波段的传输损耗低至1.08 dB/m，体现出良好的光传输特性。进一步基于蓝宝石衍生光纤构建了法布里-珀罗干涉仪（FPI）高温传感器。实验结果显示，该传感器在100~1 100 ℃具有16.8 pm/℃的温度灵敏度，线性度R²>0.997，并表现出良好的升降温循环重复性。研究结果表明，直径毫米级蓝宝石纤芯预制棒结合熔芯法工艺可实现蓝宝石衍生光纤芯径可控制备，并为极端环境高温光纤传感器件提供了有效材料与工艺基础。

关键词: 蓝宝石衍生光纤; 熔芯法; 光纤制备; 芯径调控; 光纤温度传感; 法布里-珀罗干涉仪

Abstract: Sapphire-derived fibers （SDFs） have attracted increasing attention as promising optical fiber platforms for sensing applications in extreme environments， owing to the excellent thermal stability and chemical inertness inherited from sapphire-based core materials. Nevertheless， the controllable fabrication of SDFs with designed core diameters and stable optical performance remains a key challenge for their practical use in high-temperature sensing. Most previous studies have focused on material characterization or device-level demonstrations， whereas the relationship among preform design， drawing parameters， core-diameter controllability， and transmission quality has not been sufficiently clarified. In this work， we demonstrate the controllable fabrication of SDFs using millimeter-scale sapphire rods as core preforms in combination with the molten core method （MCM）. The aim is to realize stable continuous drawing of SDFs with tunable core diameters and to verify their feasibility for high-temperature optical sensing.During fabrication， a sapphire rod was used as the core material and was thermally processed within a silica cladding during high-temperature fiber drawing. By adjusting the drawing parameters， SDFs with different core diameters were obtained while maintaining a standard outer cladding diameter of 125 μm. Three representative SDF samples were selected for systematic characterization， with core/cladding diameter configurations of 21.0/125 μm， 18.1/125 μm， and 14.1/125 μm for samples Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅲ， respectively. The results demonstrate that the MCM-based drawing process enables effective regulation of the SDF core geometry， providing a feasible route for preparing SDFs with controllable structural parameters. Optical transmission measurements show that the as-drawn SDFs exhibit a low propagation loss of 1.08 dB/m in the near-infrared wavelength region， indicating that favorable optical quality can be maintained during the drawing of sapphire-derived core fibers.To further evaluate the sensing potential of the fabricated SDFs， a Fabry-Pérot interferometer （FPI） high-temperature sensor was constructed using the SDF with a 14.1 μm core diameter. The high-temperature sensing performance of the device was investigated over a wide temperature range from 100 ℃ to 1 100 ℃. The experimental results show that the SDF-based FPI sensor achieves a temperature sensitivity of 16.8 pm/℃ and exhibits good linear response characteristics， with a coefficient of determination （R²） higher than 0.997. In addition， the sensor maintains good repeatability during heating and cooling cycles， confirming the stability of the SDF-based interferometric structure under the present high-temperature testing conditions.This study demonstrates that the combination of millimeter-scale sapphire core preforms and the MCM drawing process provides an effective approach for the controllable fabrication of SDFs with different core diameters. The results clarify the influence of preform design and drawing-parameter regulation on the geometrical structure and optical transmission properties of SDFs. More importantly， the successful demonstration of an SDF-based high-temperature FPI sensor verifies the feasibility of the fabricated fibers for optical sensing in high-temperature environments. This work therefore provides both a material-processing basis and a device-level validation for the development of SDF-based high-temperature fiber sensors.

Key words: sapphire-derived fiber; molten core method; optical fiber fabrication; core-diameter adjustment; fiber-optic temperature sensing; Fabry-Pérot interferometer

中图分类号:

刘学诚, 王之凤, 张亮, 魏鹤鸣, 朱梦实, 鲁雅荣, 杨晓荣, 郝文娟, 刘广贺, 庞拂飞. 熔芯法制备蓝宝石衍生光纤及其特性研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1143-1153.

LIU Xuecheng, WANG Zhifeng, ZHANG Liang, WEI Heming, ZHU Mengshi, LU Yarong, YANG Xiaorong, HAO Wenjuan, LIU Guanghe, PANG Fufei. Fabrication and Characterization of Sapphire-Derived Fibers by Molten Core Method[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(7): 1143-1153.

图/表 12

图1 SDFs拉丝示意图（a），以及蓝宝石衍生光纤实物图（b）

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the SDFs drawing （a）， and photograph of the SDFs （b）

表1 SDFs拉丝工艺典型参数

Table 1 Drawing process typical parameters of SDFs

Draw parameters	Sample Ⅰ	Sample Ⅱ	Sample Ⅲ
Preform feed rate/（mm·min^-1）	0.38	0.39	0.41
Draw temperature/℃	2 150	2 150	2 180
Draw speed/（m·min^-1）	9.7	9.9	10.6
Core diameter/μm	21.0	18.1	14.1

图2 蓝宝石衍生光纤FPI腔长显微表征图（a），以及蓝宝石衍生光纤FPI反射光谱（b）

Fig.2 Micrograph of the SDF FPI cavity length characterization （a）， and SDF FPI reflection spectrum （b）

图3 蓝宝石衍生光纤FPI传感器高温测试设备示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the high-temperature test setup for the SDF FPI sensors

图4 不同芯径光纤端面显微图

Fig.4 Fiber end-face microscope images with different core diameters

图5 光纤样品Ⅲ折射率分布。（a）二维折射率分布；（b）沿光纤截面水平和垂直方向的一维相对折射率差曲线

Fig.5 Refractive index profile of fiber sample Ⅲ. （a） Two-dimensional refractive index profile；（b） one-dimensional profiles of relative refractive index difference along the horizontal and vertical directions of the optical fiber cross-section

表2 蓝宝石衍生光纤样品的几何参数及折射率分布特性比较

Table 2 Comparison of geometric parameters and refractive index profile characteristics of SDF samples

Sample ID	Core diameter/μm	Cladding diameter/μm	$∆ m a x$ /%
Sample Ⅰ	21.0±1.0	125.0±1.5	5.5
Sample Ⅱ	18.1±1.0	125.0±1.5	4.8
Sample Ⅲ	14.1±1.0	125.0±1.5	4.4

表2 蓝宝石衍生光纤样品的几何参数及折射率分布特性比较

Table 2 Comparison of geometric parameters and refractive index profile characteristics of SDF samples

Sample ID	Core diameter/μm	Cladding diameter/μm	$∆ m a x$ /%
Sample Ⅰ	21.0±1.0	125.0±1.5	5.5
Sample Ⅱ	18.1±1.0	125.0±1.5	4.8
Sample Ⅲ	14.1±1.0	125.0±1.5	4.4

图6 不同芯径光纤传输损耗测试

Fig.6 Transmission loss test of fibers with different core diameters

图7 样品Ⅲ蓝宝石衍生光纤透射光谱

Fig.7 Transmission spectra of sample Ⅲ SDFs

图8 蓝宝石衍生光纤 FPI传感器热循环光谱

Fig.8 Spectra of the SDF FPI sensor during thermal cycling

图9 热循环过程（升温阶段100~1 100 ℃，降温阶段：1 100~300 ℃）中传感器的响应及线性拟合

Fig.9 Response and linear fitting of the sensor during thermal cycling （heating ： 100~1 100 ℃， cooling：1 100~300 ℃）

图10 蓝宝石衍生光纤FPI传感器的高温稳定性测试。（a）室温、1 100 ℃及降回室温后的反射光谱；（b）1 100 ℃恒温4 h过程中特征波长漂移

Fig.10 High-temperature stability test of the SDF FPI sensor. （a） Reflection spectra at room temperature， 1 100 ℃， and after cooling back to room temperature；（b） characteristic wavelength shift during 4 h holding at 1 100 ℃

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熔芯法制备蓝宝石衍生光纤及其特性研究

Fabrication and Characterization of Sapphire-Derived Fibers by Molten Core Method

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