过渡金属轻元素化合物的高温高压制备

人工晶体学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 881-892.

过渡金属轻元素化合物的高温高压制备

由存, 赵巍, 王欣, 董书山, 陶强, 朱品文

吉林大学物理学院,超硬材料国家重点实验室,长春 130012

收稿日期:2022-02-16 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-06-17
通讯作者: 陶强,博士,副教授。E-mail:qiangtao@jlu.edu.cn
作者简介:由存(1995—),女,吉林省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:youcun19@mails.jlu.edu.cn; 陶强,吉林大学超硬材料国家重点实验室副教授,博士生导师。主要从事超硬/硬质多功能材料的高温高压制备及其物性研究,以及大腔体压机高温高压原位测试研究。利用高温高压方法,在过渡金属轻元素化合物(W-B、Mo-B、Ti-B、Ta-B、Zr-B、Cr-B、Mo-C、Ti-C等体系)中取得了一系列成果,其中包含:首次制备出单一相β-MoB(Cmcm);新相WB₃和MoB₃;确定WB₃的晶体结构,获得WB₃的本征硬度性质和独特化学键杂化形式;提出利用高温高压在过渡金属轻元素化合物中开发出高性能电催化产氢催化剂,并制备出高性能α-MoB₂催化剂;首次在过渡金属硼化物体系中获得导电高硬度疏水性材料TiB₂。在碳体系,带领研究团队利用高温高压制备出了纳米孪晶金刚石,成为第二个制备出孪晶金刚石的小组。主持国家自然基金一项,国家科技重大专项课题子课题两项;在Chem Mater、ACS Appl Mater Interfaces、Carbon等杂志发表论文30余篇;获国家发明专利授权10项。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(11974131,11904119)

Transition Metal Light Elements Compounds Synthesized by High Pressure and High Temperature

YOU Cun, ZHAO Wei, WANG Xin, DONG Shushan, TAO Qiang, ZHU Pinwen

State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

Received:2022-02-16 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-06-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 过渡金属轻元素化合物（TMLEs）由于具备高硬度，高熔点，优异电学、磁学、超导等性质受到广泛关注，是一类具有优异力学性能的功能性材料。优异力学性能与功能性的结合使TMLEs成为极端环境下使用的特种材料。然而， TMLEs的制备往往需要高温高压（HPHT）极端实验条件来克服能垒。目前，已经有了大量HPHT制备TMLEs的报道，然而，多数只关注产物的性质，对在HPHT下TMLEs的生长机制报道较少。因此，总结HPHT制备的TMLEs，分析TMLEs的晶体生长过程，对理解TMLEs的晶体生长机理、探究新型 TMLEs的制备具有重要意义。结合本课题组研究经验及其他相关文献，总结了HPHT方法制备的过渡金属硼化物（TMBs）、碳化物（TMCs）和氮化物（TMNs）的晶体生长情况，分别从起始原料、温压条件、晶体形貌等方面分析了TMLEs的生长机制。总结如下：通过原料配比和温度控制是制备TMBs单一相的关键，提出硼亚结构单元是使TMBs形成台阶式生长模式的本质因素，碳源和氮源的选择决定了 TMCs和TMNs的生长机制。同时提出，缺少利用HPHT制备TMLEs毫米级单晶的报道，限制了TMLEs部分本征的性质探究；并且，新型高轻元素含量的TMLEs结构依然有待开发。随着人类对材料的要求越来越苛刻，以及TMLEs的不断发展，TMLEs将在未来特种材料领域具有不可替代的地位。

关键词: 过渡金属轻元素化合物, 过渡金属硼化物, 过渡金属碳化物, 过渡金属氮化物, 高温高压, 晶体生长, 大腔体压机, 高熔点

Abstract: Transition metal light elements compounds (TMLEs) are a kind of robust functional materials due to high hardness, high melting point, superior conductivity, magnetic properties, and superconductivity. The combination of excellent mechanical properties and functionality makes TMLEs special materials used in extreme environments. However, synthesizing TMLEs need high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions to overcome the energy barrier. Although many TMLEs were synthesized by HPHT, the growth mechanism is still mysterious. Summary of TMLEs synthesized by HPHT is significant to understand the growth process and develop of new TMLEs. In this work, the TMLEs synthesized by HPHT which include our groups research experience and other relevant literatures are summarized. The TMLEs include transition metal borides (TMBs), transition metal carbides (TMCs), and transition metal nitrides (TMNs). The starting materials, experimental conditions, and morphologies etc. are analyzed. The main results are as follows: proportion of starting materials and the suitable temperature are very important to obtain the single phase of TMBs; the boron subunit in TMBs is related to growth kinetics, which induces step growth process; choosing different starting materials of carbon and nitrogen will define the growth process of TMLEs. Synthesizing single crystal with millimeter size in the future is meaningful to understand the basic properties of TMLEs. The new structures of TMLEs with high content of light elements still need to be developed. With the development of new materials, TMLEs will be a kind of irreplaceable robust materials in the future.

Key words: transition metal light element, transition metal boride, transition metal carbide, transition metal nitride, high pressure and high temperature, crystal growth, large volume pressure apparatus, high metaling point

中图分类号:

TB34

由存, 赵巍, 王欣, 董书山, 陶强, 朱品文. 过渡金属轻元素化合物的高温高压制备[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2022, 51(5): 881-892.

YOU Cun, ZHAO Wei, WANG Xin, DONG Shushan, TAO Qiang, ZHU Pinwen. Transition Metal Light Elements Compounds Synthesized by High Pressure and High Temperature[J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2022, 51(5): 881-892.

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