ZnO/CdS∶Zn异质结构光阳极的制备及性能研究

doi:10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0168

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用水热法在FTO导电玻璃上成功制备出大面积高能面裸露的ZnO纳米片阵列，继而运用连续离子层吸附反应法在纳米片表面制备Zn掺杂的CdS纳米颗粒，形成ZnO/CdS∶Zn异质结构光阳极。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见光吸收光谱和三电极光电测试系统对所制备光阳极的晶相、微观形貌、光学特性和光电化学性质进行了系统的表征和分析。测试结果显示，CdS∶Zn纳米颗粒均匀且致密地沉积在ZnO纳米片阵列表面，随着连续离子层吸附反应循环次数的增加，薄膜的光吸收范围逐步拓宽到可见光区，光电流获得大幅度提高，可达6.25 mA·cm^-2。研究表明，异质结构构建与元素掺杂协同促进了薄膜光电性能的显著提升。

关键词: ZnO纳米片阵列; 光电化学性质; CdS纳米颗粒; Zn掺杂; 异质结构

Abstract: ZnO nanosheet arrays with highly exposed high-energy facets were successfully prepared on FTO conductive glass using a hydrothermal method. Zn doped CdS nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of ZnO nanosheets via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique，forming a ZnO/CdS∶Zn heterostructure photoanode. The crystal phase，microstructure，optical properties，and photoelectrochemical properties of the prepared photoanodes were systematically characterized and analyzed using X-ray diffraction，scanning electron microscopy，ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy，and a three-electrode photoelectrochemical testing system. The results indicate that Zn doped CdS nanoparticles are uniformly and densely deposited on the surface of ZnO nanosheet arrays. As the number of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction cycles increases，the light absorption range of the films gradually extends into the visible region，and the photocurrent is significantly enhanced，reaching up to 6.25 mA·cm^-2. The study demonstrates that the construction of heterostructures combined with elemental doping synergistically promotes a remarkable improvement in the photoelectrochemical property of the films.

Key words: ZnO nanosheet array; photoelectrochemical property; CdS nanoparticle; Zn doping; heterojunction

中图分类号:

O649.4

苏适, 孙明悦, 车致远, 张丽娜, 王秋实, 马晋文. ZnO/CdS∶Zn异质结构光阳极的制备及性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(2): 301-306.

SU Shi, SUN Mingyue, CHE Zhiyuan, ZHANG Lina, WANG Qiushi, MA Jinwen. Preparation and Properties of ZnO/CdS∶Zn Heterostructured Photoanodes[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(2): 301-306.

图/表 5

图1 敏化前、后样品的XRD图谱和EDS。（a）ZnO纳米片阵列和ZnO/CdS异质结构的XRD图谱；（b）ZnO/CdS异质结构的EDS；（c）FTO/CdS∶Zn异质结构的XRD图谱；（d）FTO/CdS∶Zn异质结构的EDS

Fig.1 XRD patterns and EDS of samples before and after sensitization. （a） XRD patterns of ZnO nanosheet arrays and ZnO/CdS heterostructure；（b） EDS of ZnO/CdS heterostructure；（c） XRD patterns of FTO/CdS∶Zn heterostructure；（d） EDS of FTO/CdS∶Zn heterostructure

图2 CdS敏化前、后ZnO样品的SEM照片。（a）ZnO纳米片阵列的俯视SEM照片；（b）ZnO纳米片阵列的横截面SEM照片；（c）ZnO/CdS∶Zn异质结构的横截面SEM照片；（d） ZnO/CdS∶Zn异质结构的横截面SEM放大图

Fig.2 SEM images of samples before and after CdS sensitization. （a） Top-view SEM image of ZnO nanosheet arrays；（b） cross-sectional SEM image of ZnO nanosheet arrays；（c） cross-sectional SEM image of ZnO/CdS∶Zn heterostructure；（d） cross-sectional SEM image of ZnO/CdS∶Zn heterostructure at higher magnification

图3 不同循环次数下ZnO/CdS复合薄膜的紫外光谱（a）与J-V曲线（b）

Fig.3 UV spectra （a） and J-V curves （b） of ZnO/CdS composite films under different cycling times

图4 不同掺杂浓度的ZnO/CdS∶Zn复合薄膜的J-V曲线

Fig.4 J-V curves of ZnO/CdS∶Zn composite films with different Zn concentrations

图5 ZnO/CdS异质结能带结构示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of band structure of ZnO/CdS heterojunction

参考文献 16

[1]	WANG Z L. Nanostructures of zinc oxide［J］. Materials Today，2004，7（6）：26-33.
[2]	JUNG J，JEONG J R，DANG VAN C，et al. Morphology-controlled ZnO@ZnWO₄ hetero-nanostructures for efficient photooxidation of water in near-neutral pH［J］. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces，2024，16（4）：4700-4707.
[3]	WANG Y Y，LIU L，SHI Y X，et al. Fast and high-performance self-powered photodetector based on the ZnO/metal-organic framework heterojunction［J］. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces，2023，15（14）：18236-18243.
[4]	ZHANG Y Z，XU J P，SHI S B，et al. Photoelectric response properties under UV/red light irradiation of ZnO nanorod arrays coated with vertically aligned MoS₂ nanosheets［J］. Nanotechnology，2017，28（41）：415202.
[5]	JIN B J，JIAO Z B，BI Y P. Efficient charge separation between Bi₂MoO₆ nanosheets and ZnO nanowires for enhanced photoelectrochemical properties［J］. Journal of Materials Chemistry A，2015，3（39）：19702-19705.
[6]	NEELAKANTA REDDY I，CHIDAMBARA KUMAR K N，KIRAN KUMAR K，et al. ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles decorated on rectangular ZnO nanosheets for enhanced photo-induced current generation via photoelectrochemical process［J］. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry，2023，928：117075.
[7]	CAI C，XU Y F，CHEN H Y，et al. Porous ZnO@ZnSe nanosheet array for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO₂ ［J］. Electrochimica Acta，2018，274：298-305.
[8]	ROKADE A，RAHANE G K，ŽIVKOVIĆ A，et al. Fabrication of ZnO scaffolded CdS nanostructured photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting activity under visible light［J］. Langmuir，2024，40（13）：6884-6897.
[9]	JIANG T，LIN M J，HE S F，et al. Non-metallic plasmonic effect and step-like charge transport channel synergistically accelerate surface reaction kinetics and charge separation of TiN/CdS-sensitized ZnO photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution［J］. Applied Catalysis B：Environment and Energy，2025，361：124631.
[10]	ZHAN F Q，LIU W H，LI H，et al. Ce-doped CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO₂ nanorod films with enhanced visible-light photoelectrochemical properties［J］. Applied Surface Science，2018，455：476-483.
[11]	TU J L，LI J W，PAN Z F，et al. Nitrogen-doped CdS/TiO₂ nanorods heterojunction photoanode for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting［J］. Journal of Power Sources，2025，628：235883.
[12]	MA J W，SU S，FU W Y，et al. Synthesis of ZnO nanosheet array film with dominant ｛0001｝ facets and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance co-sensitized by CdS/CdSe［J］. CrystEngComm，2014，16（14）：2910-2916.
[13]	MAHALA C，SHARMA M D，BASU M. ZnO@CdS heterostructures：an efficient photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting［J］. New Journal of Chemistry，2019，43（18）：7001-7010.
[14]	ZHANG P，ZHANG L N，DONG E L，et al. Synthesis of CaIn₂S₄/TiO₂ heterostructures for enhanced UV-visible light photocatalytic activity［J］. Journal of Alloys and Compounds，2021，885：161027.
[15]	MEHRABANPOUR N，NEZAMZADEH-EJHIEH A，GHATTAVI S，et al. A magnetically separable clinoptilolite supported CdS-PbS photocatalyst：characterization and photocatalytic activity toward cefotaxime［J］. Applied Surface Science，2023，614：156252.
[16]	YANG F，YAN N N，HUANG S，et al. Zn-doped CdS nanoarchitectures prepared by hydrothermal synthesis：mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light［J］. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C，2012，116（16）：9078-9084.