
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 13-28.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0076
高邦志1(
), 黄天奇1, 吴纪清2, 杨军2, 许晖1, 张铭1(
)
收稿日期:2025-04-14
出版日期:2026-01-20
发布日期:2026-02-05
通信作者:
张铭
作者简介:高邦志(2002—),男,河南省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:1076108448@qq.com
基金资助:
GAO Bangzhi1(
), HUANG Tianqi1, WU Jiqing2, YANG Jun2, XU Hui1, ZHANG Ming1(
)
Received:2025-04-14
Online:2026-01-20
Published:2026-02-05
Contact:
ZHANG Ming
摘要: 以光伏硅片切割技术为研究对象,通过文献查阅和对比分析,详细介绍了外圆切割、内圆切割、多线切割、电火花切割及复合切割等主要类型切割技术,并从切割精度、切割损耗、切割效率等多个维度对比了它们的优缺点。多线切割技术凭借高经济效益、可切割大尺寸硅锭、晶体缺陷深度小等优点,已成为硅片切割加工的主流方式;复合切割技术凭借高切割效率、高自定义性和低损耗等优势,有望成为未来发展趋势。
中图分类号:
高邦志, 黄天奇, 吴纪清, 杨军, 许晖, 张铭. 光伏硅片切割技术研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(1): 13-28.
GAO Bangzhi, HUANG Tianqi, WU Jiqing, YANG Jun, XU Hui, ZHANG Ming. Research Progress of Photovoltaic Silicon Wafer Cutting Technology[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(1): 13-28.
| 质量参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 厚度 | 180±20 |
| 总厚度偏差 | ≤30 |
| 翘曲程度 | ≤40 |
| 切痕 | ≤15 |
| 表面金属杂质含量 | ≤70 |
表1 硅片质量参考指数
Table 1 Silicon wafer quality reference index
| 质量参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 厚度 | 180±20 |
| 总厚度偏差 | ≤30 |
| 翘曲程度 | ≤40 |
| 切痕 | ≤15 |
| 表面金属杂质含量 | ≤70 |
图12 金刚石线锯切割多晶硅表面常规制酸绒的SEM照片对比[39]
Fig.12 SEM images comparison of conventional acid fleece production on polycrystalline silicon surface cut by diamond wire sawing[39]
| 项目 | 多线切割 | 内圆切割 | 电火花切割 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 切割方法 | 研磨 | 磨削 | 火花放电 |
| 硅片表面特征 | 丝痕 | 断裂&碎片 | 放电凹坑 |
| 破坏深度/ | 5~15 | 20~30 | 15~25 |
| 生产效率/( | 110~200 | 10~30 | 75~100 |
| 每次加工硅片次数 | 200~400 | 1 | 多片 |
| 切缝损失/ | 150~210 | 300~500 | 280~290 |
| 硅片最小厚度/ | About 200 | About 350 | 200 |
| 可加工硅锭直径/ | >300 | Max 200 | 200 |
| 硅片厚度偏差(TTV)/ | <150 | <25 | — |
| 硅片翘曲度( | 非常轻微/5~10 | 严重/>50 | 轻微 |
表2 切割方法比较表[46]
Table 2 Comparison table of cutting methods[46]
| 项目 | 多线切割 | 内圆切割 | 电火花切割 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 切割方法 | 研磨 | 磨削 | 火花放电 |
| 硅片表面特征 | 丝痕 | 断裂&碎片 | 放电凹坑 |
| 破坏深度/ | 5~15 | 20~30 | 15~25 |
| 生产效率/( | 110~200 | 10~30 | 75~100 |
| 每次加工硅片次数 | 200~400 | 1 | 多片 |
| 切缝损失/ | 150~210 | 300~500 | 280~290 |
| 硅片最小厚度/ | About 200 | About 350 | 200 |
| 可加工硅锭直径/ | >300 | Max 200 | 200 |
| 硅片厚度偏差(TTV)/ | <150 | <25 | — |
| 硅片翘曲度( | 非常轻微/5~10 | 严重/>50 | 轻微 |
图16 电磨削切割与电磨削多线复合切割表面质量对比图
Fig.16 Comparison chart of surface quality between electrical grinding cutting and electrical grinding multi-line compound cutting
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