Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid Passivator on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Abstract: Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and low preparation cost. However, a large number of defects exist on the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films, which lead to non-radiative recombination of carriers and affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this work, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was introduced into the lead salt solution as a passivator to prepare perovskite films and solar cells via a two-step method. The impacts of acetylsalicylic acid on film quality and cell performance were investigated by means of optical spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and various electrical measurements. The results show that the introduction of appropriate amount of ASA can obviously increase the grain size of perovskite films and effectively reduce the defect density of perovskite films via Lewis acid-base interaction. The solar cell prepared with the incorporation of 2.5 mmol/L ASA achieves the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of 19.83%, appreciably outperforming the control device (17.47%). This work highlights the efficacy of ASA in passivating defects of perovskite films and provides a facile method to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells.

Key words: perovskite solar cell, organic-inorganic hybrid, metal halide, acetylsalicylic acid, defect passivation, two-step deposition, additive, photoelectric conversion

CLC Number:

TM914.4

REN Jintao, CHEN Qing, HUO Yu, WU Zhixin, YU Chunyan, ZHAI Guangmei. Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid Passivator on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2022, 51(6): 1042-1050.

References

[1] BAI S, DA P M, LI C, et al. Planar perovskite solar cells with long-term stability using ionic liquid additives[J]. Nature, 2019, 571(7764): 245-250.
[2] LI N X, TAO S X, CHEN Y H, et al. Cation and anion immobilization through chemical bonding enhancement with fluorides for stable halide perovskite solar cells[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(5): 408-415.
[3] YANG X Y, FU Y Q, SU R, et al. Superior carrier lifetimes exceeding 6 μs in polycrystalline halide perovskites[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(39): 2002585.
[4] EPERON G E, STONE K H, MUNDT L E, et al. The role of dimethylammonium in bandgap modulation for stable halide perovskites[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2020, 5(6): 1856-1864.
[5] ZHANG J T, ZHAI G M, GAO W H, et al. Accelerated formation and improved performance of CH₃NH₃PbI^-₃ based perovskite solar cells via solvent coordination and anti-solvent extraction[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5(8): 4190-4198.
[6] XIE Y M, XUE Q F, YIP H L. Metal-halide perovskite crystallization kinetics: a review of experimental and theoretical studies[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(24): 2100784.
[7] CHENG Y H, DING L M. Pushing commercialization of perovskite solar cells by improving their intrinsic stability[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2021, 14(6): 3233-3255.
[8] KIM M, JEONG J, LU H Z, et al. Conformal quantum dot-SnO₂ layers as electron transporters for efficient perovskite solar cells[J]. Science, 2022, 375(6578): 302-306.
[9] TAN S, YAVUZ I, WEBER M H, et al. Shallow iodine defects accelerate the degradation of α-phase formamidinium perovskite[J]. Joule, 2020, 4(11): 2426-2442.
[10] GAO F, ZHAO Y, ZHANG X W, et al. Recent progresses on defect passivation toward efficient perovskite solar cells[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2020, 10(13): 1902650.
[11] QI W J, ZHOU X, LI J L, et al. Inorganic material passivation of defects toward efficient perovskite solar cells[J]. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(23): 2022-2032.
[12] LIN Y H, SAKAI N, DA P M, et al. A piperidinium salt stabilizes efficient metal-halide perovskite solar cells[J]. Science, 2020, 369(6499): 96-102.
[13] ZHU H W, LIU Y H, EICKEMEYER F T, et al. Tailored amphiphilic molecular mitigators for stable perovskite solar cells with 23.5% efficiency[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(12): 1907757.
[14] XIE J, ZHOU Z R, QIAO H W, et al. Modulating MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells by amide molecules: crystallographic regulation and surface passivation[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 56: 179-185.
[15] MA C Q, PARK N G. Paradoxical approach with a hydrophilic passivation layer for moisture-stable, 23% efficient perovskite solar cells[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2020, 5(10): 3268-3275.
[16] LI Y, SHI J W, ZHENG J H, et al. Acetic acid assisted crystallization strategy for high efficiency and long-term stable perovskite solar cell[J]. Advanced Science, 2020, 7(5): 1903368.
[17] JIANG Q, ZHAO Y, ZHANG X W, et al. Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells[J]. Nature Photonics, 2019, 13(7): 460-466.
[18] WANG R, XUE J J, MENG L, et al. Caffeine improves the performance and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells[J]. Joule, 2019, 3(6): 1464-1477.
[19] CHEN K, WU J, WANG Y, et al. Defect passivation by alcohol-soluble small molecules for efficient p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2019, 7(37): 21140-21148.
[20] YI J, ZHUANG J, LIU X C, et al. Triphenylamine hydrophobic surface prepared by low-temperature solution deposition for stable and high-efficiency SnO₂ planar perovskite solar cells[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 830: 154710.
[21] WANG S D, ZHANG S Z, LIU H, et al. Controlled release of antibiotics encapsulated in the electrospinning polylactide nanofibrous scaffold and their antibacterial and biocompatible properties[J]. Materials Research Express, 2014, 1(2): 025406.
[22] LIU G Z, ZHENG H Y, ZHANG L Y, et al. Tailoring multifunctional passivation molecules with halogen functional groups for efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 407: 127204.
[23] CHO S P, LEE H J, SEO Y H, et al. Multifunctional passivation agents for improving efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells: synergy of methyl and carbonyl groups[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2022, 575: 151740.
[24] 高领伟,翟光美,任锦涛,等.碘化钾对两步法制备钙钛矿薄膜及其电池性能的影响[J].发光学报,2021,42(6):838-848.
GAO L W, ZHAI G M, REN J T, et al. Effect of potassium iodide on film quality and photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells fabricated via two-step method[J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence, 2021, 42(6): 838-848(in Chinese).
[25] XIE L, CHEN J Z, VASHISHTHA P, et al. Importance of functional groups in cross-linking methoxysilane additives for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2019, 4(9): 2192-2200.
[26] LIU G Z, ZHENG H Y, XU H F, et al. Interface passivation treatment by halogenated low-dimensional perovskites for high-performance and stable perovskite photovoltaics[J]. Nano Energy, 2020, 73: 104753.
[27] ZHANG C F, ZHAI G M, ZHANG Y, et al. Enhanced device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells with low-temperature ZnO/TiO₂ bilayered electron transport layers[J]. RSC Advances, 2018, 8(41): 23019-23026.
[28] ZHANG Y, ZHAI G M, GAO L W, et al. Improving performance of perovskite solar cells based on ZnO nanorods via rod-length control and sulfidation treatment[J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2020, 117: 105205.
[29] LI Y Z, ZHANG Z B, ZHOU Y, et al. Enhanced performance and stability of ambient-processed CH₃NH₃PbI_3-x(SCN)_x planar perovskite solar cells by introducing ammonium salts[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 513: 145790.
[30] SHAO Z M, ZHAI G M, ZHENG L L, et al. Tailoring perovskite conversion and grain growth by in situ solvent assisted crystallization and compositional variation for highly efficient perovskite solar cells[J]. Organic Electronics, 2019, 69: 208-215.
[31] MIAO Y W, ZHENG M M, WANG H X, et al. In-situ secondary annealing treatment assisted effective surface passivation of shallow defects for efficient perovskite solar cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 492: 229621.
[32] CAI Y, CUI J, CHEN M, et al. Multifunctional enhancement for highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(7): 2005776.