Research Progress of Silicon Suboxide as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

doi:10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0254

Abstract

Abstract: To address the urgent demand for high-energy-density of energy storage systems in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices， it is urgent to develop novel lithium-ion battery anode materials. Silicon suboxide （SiO_x， 0<x<2）， with its high theoretical specific capacity and structural stability brought by the incorporation of oxygen， is regarded as a highly promising high capacity anode material. However， the practical application of SiO_xstill faces challenges such as large volume variation （160%~200%）， low initial Coulombic efficiency， and poor electrical conductivity. This paper systematically reviews the structural models， lithium storage mechanisms， and modification strategies for SiO_x， including nanostructure design， composite material design， and prelithiation techniques. These approaches effectively alleviate the volume expansion of SiO_x， improve its conductivity and interfacial stability， and significantly enhance its initial Coulombic efficiency. Future efforts should focus on developing simple， scalable， and environmentally friendly preparation processes， aiming for high capacity and high initial Coulombic efficiency while comprehensively considering overall electrochemical performance， thereby promoting the practical application of SiO_xas anode material in high-efficiency energy storage systems.

Key words: lithium-ion battery; SiO_x; volume expansion; initial Coulombic efficiency; electric conductivity

CLC Number:

TQ152

ZHAO Jun, JIA Kun, YU Haiying, ZHANG Yongfeng. Research Progress of Silicon Suboxide as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(5): 671-681.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Heterostructure model of amorphous SiO［20］

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of SiOx/C nanotube material synthesis［28］

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of ML-SiOxprepared by acid washing stripping

Fig.4 Preparation process of HP-SiOx@C［37］

Fig.5 Open circuit voltage （OCV） and ICE comparison （a） and impedance spectroscopy （b） of SiOxanodes treated with different lengths of lithium-ion-free contact prelithiation［46］

Fig.6 First charge-discharge cycle voltage curves of pre-lithiated SiOxand Li3Sb/LiF-SiOx-2 electrodes at 0.1 C （a） and cycle performance of SiOx， pre-lithiated SiOxand Li3Sb/LiF-SiOx-2 electrodes at 0.5 C （b）［48］

Fig.7 Conductivity and tap density of m-SiOx， m-SiOx@C， m-SiOx@C/MXene and m-SiOx@C-MXene［55］

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