
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 359-367.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0217
收稿日期:2025-10-15
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-04-08
作者简介:曹聪(1996—),男,山西省人,硕士,工程师。E-mail:823225663@qq.com
CAO Cong(
), LIU Jianggao, SHE Weilin, FAN Yexia, MA Qisi, LI Zhenxing
Received:2025-10-15
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-04-08
摘要: 碲锌镉(CZT)是红外探测及核辐射探测领域的重要材料,作为制造下一代超大型阵列探测器的基础性材料受到广泛关注。针对垂直梯度凝固(VGF)法生长直径150 mm碲锌镉晶体过程中的技术难题,采用有限元模拟方法调控晶体生长过程中加热器输出功率,进而实现碲锌镉晶体生长温场调控,获得了全流程凸界面形状的晶体生长工艺,并且成功生长出高质量直径150 mm碲锌镉单晶,所生长晶体支持尺寸为100 mm×100 mm的红外用碲锌镉衬底制备。测试结果显示,碲锌镉晶体组分分布均匀,碲锌镉衬底(111)面摇摆曲线半峰全宽达15″以下,平均位错腐蚀坑密度低于1×104 cm-2。
中图分类号:
曹聪, 刘江高, 折伟林, 范叶霞, 马启司, 李振兴. 直径150 mm碲锌镉晶体生长温场控制研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(3): 359-367.
CAO Cong, LIU Jianggao, SHE Weilin, FAN Yexia, MA Qisi, LI Zhenxing. Temperature Field Control for the Growth of 150 mm Diameter CZT Crystals[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(3): 359-367.
图1 CdZnTe晶体生长系统示意图。(a)有限元模拟模型;(b)晶体生长界面热流传递[17]
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the CdZnTe crystal growth system. (a) Finite element simulation model; (b) heat transfer at the crystal growth interface[17]
| Material | State | Thermal conductivity/(W·m-1·K-1) | Heat capacity /(J·kg-1·K-1) | Density/(kg·m-3) | Emissivity | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZT | Solid | 0.9 | 159 | 5 850 | 0.7 | Melting temperature 1 371 K |
| CZT | Liquid | 1.0 | 187 | 5 740 | 0.7 | Latent heat 209 kJ/kg |
| Quartz | Solid | 1.4 | 1 232 | 2 650 | 0.9 | |
| pBN | Solid | 63(a),25(c) | 1 580 | 1 950 | 0.5 | |
| Kanthal-alloy | Solid | 15 | 720 | 7 100 | 0.7 | |
| Corundum | Solid | 15 | 920 | 3 540 | 0.86 | |
| SiC | Solid | 120 | 650 | 3 170 | 0.8 | |
| Cera-fiber | Solid | 0.39 | 1 130 | 210 | 0.5 | |
| Air | Liquid | 0.03 | 1 009 | Ideal gas law | — | |
| Cd vapor | Liquid | 0.02 | 106 | 0.33 | — |
表1 数值模拟过程中使用材料的物性参数[13,15?16]
Table 1 Material properties used in simulation[13,15?16]
| Material | State | Thermal conductivity/(W·m-1·K-1) | Heat capacity /(J·kg-1·K-1) | Density/(kg·m-3) | Emissivity | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZT | Solid | 0.9 | 159 | 5 850 | 0.7 | Melting temperature 1 371 K |
| CZT | Liquid | 1.0 | 187 | 5 740 | 0.7 | Latent heat 209 kJ/kg |
| Quartz | Solid | 1.4 | 1 232 | 2 650 | 0.9 | |
| pBN | Solid | 63(a),25(c) | 1 580 | 1 950 | 0.5 | |
| Kanthal-alloy | Solid | 15 | 720 | 7 100 | 0.7 | |
| Corundum | Solid | 15 | 920 | 3 540 | 0.86 | |
| SiC | Solid | 120 | 650 | 3 170 | 0.8 | |
| Cera-fiber | Solid | 0.39 | 1 130 | 210 | 0.5 | |
| Air | Liquid | 0.03 | 1 009 | Ideal gas law | — | |
| Cd vapor | Liquid | 0.02 | 106 | 0.33 | — |
图3 晶体生长不同阶段模拟示意图(功率降低比例为2∶3∶4)。(a)放肩过渡阶段;(b)等直径生长阶段;(c)长晶结束阶段
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the simulation at different stages of crystal growth (power reduction ratio is 2∶3∶4). (a) Transition stage; (b) constant diameter growth stage; (c) end of crystal growth stage
图4 晶体生长不同阶段模拟示意图(功率降低比例为2∶4∶5)。(a)放肩过渡阶段;(b)等直径生长阶段;(c)长晶结束阶段
Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the simulation at different stages of crystal growth (power reduction ratio is 2∶4∶5). (a) Transition stage; (b) constant diameter growth stage; (c) end of crystal growth stage
图5 晶体生长不同阶段模拟示意图(功率降低比例为2∶5∶6)。(a)放肩过渡阶段;(b)等直径生长阶段;(c)长晶结束阶段
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the simulation at different stages of crystal growth (power reduction ratio is 2∶5∶6). (a) Transition stage; (b) constant diameter growth stage; (c) end of crystal growth stage
| Sample | PID | Power fluctuation range, ΔP/% | Temperature control deviation, ΔT/℃ | Temperature fluctuation range, ΔTf/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | P control | 0.22 | -4.66 | 0.14 |
| #2 | P and I control | 0.26 | -0.11 | 0.19 |
| #3 | P, I and D control | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| #4 | Self-adaption | 0.22 | -0.08 | 0.14 |
表2 碲锌镉晶体生长系统PID参数灵敏控制统计数据
Table 2 PID parameter control statistics of CdZnTe crystal growth system
| Sample | PID | Power fluctuation range, ΔP/% | Temperature control deviation, ΔT/℃ | Temperature fluctuation range, ΔTf/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | P control | 0.22 | -4.66 | 0.14 |
| #2 | P and I control | 0.26 | -0.11 | 0.19 |
| #3 | P, I and D control | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| #4 | Self-adaption | 0.22 | -0.08 | 0.14 |
图9 碲锌镉晶体材料。(a)晶体侧视图;(b)晶体尾端视图;(c)100 mm×100 mm碲锌镉衬底
Fig.9 CdZnTe crystal material. (a) Side view of the crystal; (b) view of the crystal tail end; (c) 100 mm×100 mm CdZnTe substrate
图10 晶体组分分布均匀性测试。(a)直径150 mm碲锌镉晶片;(b)PL光谱;(c)Zn组分分布谱
Fig.10 Crystal composition distribution uniformity test. (a) 150 mm diameter CdZnTe wafer; (b) PL spectrum; (c) Zn composition distribution spectrum
图11 碲锌镉衬底半峰全宽及位错测试。(a)(111)B面衍射峰;(b)衬底位错腐蚀形貌
Fig.11 Half-width and dislocation test of CdZnTe substrate. (a) (111) B-plane diffraction peak; (b) substrate dislocation corrosion morphology
| Sample | FWHM/(″) | Dislocation density/cm-2 |
|---|---|---|
| Point 1 | 11.16 | 6.00×103 |
| Point 2 | 9.09 | 4.58×103 |
| Point 3 | 13.57 | 6.52×103 |
| Point 4 | 8.73 | 4.06×103 |
| Point 5 | 8.31 | 5.82×103 |
| Average | 10.17 | 5.40×103 |
表3 100 mm×100 mm碲锌镉衬底半峰全宽及位错测试结果统计
Table 3 Statistical results of FWHM and dislocation tests for 100 mm×100 mm CZT substrates
| Sample | FWHM/(″) | Dislocation density/cm-2 |
|---|---|---|
| Point 1 | 11.16 | 6.00×103 |
| Point 2 | 9.09 | 4.58×103 |
| Point 3 | 13.57 | 6.52×103 |
| Point 4 | 8.73 | 4.06×103 |
| Point 5 | 8.31 | 5.82×103 |
| Average | 10.17 | 5.40×103 |
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