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人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 1410-1426.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0047

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MAX相/MXene增强Ag基电触头材料研究现状与展望

李书鹏1,2(), 储忠求1,2, 王家良1,2, 马士坤1,2, 贺家浩3, 康恒韬1,2   

  1. 1.安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院,马鞍山 243002
    2.安徽工业大学先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点实验室,马鞍山 243002
    3.安徽工业大学微电子与数据科学学院,马鞍山 243032
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-29
  • 作者简介:李书鹏(2005—),男,安徽省人。E-mail:shupeng_li0201@outlook.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52431003);国家自然科学基金(52171033);校企合作项目(RH2500000024);校企合作项目(RH2400002823);校企合作项目(RH2200003061);大学生创新创业训练计划(202510360054)

Research Status and Prospects of MAX Phase/MXene Reinforced Ag-Based Electrical Contact Materials

LI Shupeng1,2(), CHU Zhongqiu1,2, WANG Jialiang1,2, MA Shikun1,2, HE Jiahao3, KANG Hengtao1,2   

  1. 1.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243002,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials,Ministry of Education,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243002,China
    3.School of Microelectronics and Data Science,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243032,China
  • Received:2026-03-23 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-09-29

摘要: 作为低压开关核心支撑材料,Ag基电触头性能直接决定电力系统运行的安全与可靠性。传统Ag/CdO材料应用因Cd毒受限,而现有无毒材料在组织和性能方面存在严重缺陷,兼具金属与陶瓷双重优势的MAX相及其二维衍生MXene在加工、导电、导热及抗电弧方面各具特色,有望作为环保新型Ag基增强相的候选材料。本文在归纳传统Ag基电触头材料种类、发展及优缺点基础上,综述了近年来Ag/MAX和Ag/MXene复合材料的制备工艺、成分筛选、组织调控、性能优化等方面的研究进展,并重点阐述了Ag/MAX和Ag/MXene复合材料的抗电弧侵蚀性能及机制。最后,在评估该体系复合材料电接触应用潜力的基础上,探讨了当下面临的主要挑战及未来发展方向。

关键词: 电触头材料; Ag; MAX相; MXene; 界面扩散; 电弧侵蚀

Abstract: As the core supporting material in low-voltage switches, the performance of Ag-based electrical contacts directly influences the safety and reliability of power system operations. The application of traditional Ag/CdO is limited due to the toxicity of Cd, while existing non-toxic alternatives suffer from significant deficiencies in both microstructure and performance. MAX phase, along with their two-dimensional derivatives, MXene, combine the advantages of both metals and ceramics, showcasing distinctive characteristics in processing, electrical and thermal conductivity, and arc erosion resistance. They are therefore promising candidates as environmentally friendly reinforcement phases for Ag-based contacts. This review firstly provides a comprehensive overview of the types, development, and advantages and limitations of traditional Ag-based electrical contact materials. It further summarizes recent research advancements in the fabrication processes, composition selection, microstructural regulation, and performance optimization of Ag/MAX/MXene composites. Special emphasis is placed on the arc erosion resistance and the underlying mechanisms of Ag/MAX/MXene composites. Finally, based on the evaluation of the application potential of this composite system in electrical contacts, the current challenges and future development directions are discussed.

Key words: electrical contact material; Ag; MAX phase; MXene; interfacial diffusion; arc erosion

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