
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 1410-1426.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0047
李书鹏1,2(
), 储忠求1,2, 王家良1,2, 马士坤1,2, 贺家浩3, 康恒韬1,2
收稿日期:2026-03-23
出版日期:2026-09-20
发布日期:2026-09-29
作者简介:李书鹏(2005—),男,安徽省人。E-mail:shupeng_li0201@outlook.com
基金资助:
LI Shupeng1,2(
), CHU Zhongqiu1,2, WANG Jialiang1,2, MA Shikun1,2, HE Jiahao3, KANG Hengtao1,2
Received:2026-03-23
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-09-29
摘要: 作为低压开关核心支撑材料,Ag基电触头性能直接决定电力系统运行的安全与可靠性。传统Ag/CdO材料应用因Cd毒受限,而现有无毒材料在组织和性能方面存在严重缺陷,兼具金属与陶瓷双重优势的MAX相及其二维衍生MXene在加工、导电、导热及抗电弧方面各具特色,有望作为环保新型Ag基增强相的候选材料。本文在归纳传统Ag基电触头材料种类、发展及优缺点基础上,综述了近年来Ag/MAX和Ag/MXene复合材料的制备工艺、成分筛选、组织调控、性能优化等方面的研究进展,并重点阐述了Ag/MAX和Ag/MXene复合材料的抗电弧侵蚀性能及机制。最后,在评估该体系复合材料电接触应用潜力的基础上,探讨了当下面临的主要挑战及未来发展方向。
中图分类号:
李书鹏, 储忠求, 王家良, 马士坤, 贺家浩, 康恒韬. MAX相/MXene增强Ag基电触头材料研究现状与展望[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(9): 1410-1426.
LI Shupeng, CHU Zhongqiu, WANG Jialiang, MA Shikun, HE Jiahao, KANG Hengtao. Research Status and Prospects of MAX Phase/MXene Reinforced Ag-Based Electrical Contact Materials[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(9): 1410-1426.
| Material type | Reinforcement content/% | Hardness/HV | Resistivity/(μΩ·cm) | Density/(g·cm-3) | Voltage rating/V | Current rating/A | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ag/CdO | 10~18 | 60~100 | 2.02~2.30 | 9.9~10.2 | 1 000 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/SnO2 | 10~13 | 80~95 | 1.97~2.40 | 9.7~9.9 | 500 | 300 | [ |
| Ag/ZnO | 8~10 | 72~85 | 3.2~3.5 | 9.5~9.8 | 500 | 300 | [ |
| Ag/CuO | 5~15 | 55~60 | 1.9~2.5 | 9.4~10.1 | — | — | [ |
| Ag/Ni | 5~40 | 60~100 | 1.9~2.7 | 9.7~10.9 | 1 000 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/C | 3~5 | 42~52 | 1.96~2.21 | 8.6~9.1 | 200 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/W | 40~70 | 140~170 | 3.0~3.8 | 11.5~15.1 | 200 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/WC | 5~70 | 45~135 | 3.0~3.5 | 9.4~12.7 | 200 | 1 000 | [ |
表1 部分Ag基电触头材料的基本材料性能
Table 1 Basic material properties of selected Ag-based electrical contact materials
| Material type | Reinforcement content/% | Hardness/HV | Resistivity/(μΩ·cm) | Density/(g·cm-3) | Voltage rating/V | Current rating/A | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ag/CdO | 10~18 | 60~100 | 2.02~2.30 | 9.9~10.2 | 1 000 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/SnO2 | 10~13 | 80~95 | 1.97~2.40 | 9.7~9.9 | 500 | 300 | [ |
| Ag/ZnO | 8~10 | 72~85 | 3.2~3.5 | 9.5~9.8 | 500 | 300 | [ |
| Ag/CuO | 5~15 | 55~60 | 1.9~2.5 | 9.4~10.1 | — | — | [ |
| Ag/Ni | 5~40 | 60~100 | 1.9~2.7 | 9.7~10.9 | 1 000 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/C | 3~5 | 42~52 | 1.96~2.21 | 8.6~9.1 | 200 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/W | 40~70 | 140~170 | 3.0~3.8 | 11.5~15.1 | 200 | 1 000 | [ |
| Ag/WC | 5~70 | 45~135 | 3.0~3.5 | 9.4~12.7 | 200 | 1 000 | [ |
图1 (a)MAX相与MXene组成元素在元素周期表中的位置;(b)Ti2AlC和Ti3AlC2的晶体结构;(c)对应的MXene(Ti2C、Ti3C2)
Fig.1 (a) Positions of the constituent elements of MAX phases and MXenes in the periodic table; (b) crystal structures of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2; (c) corresponding MXenes (Ti2C and Ti3C2)
| Technique | Objective | Preparation condition | Arc condition | Relative density/% | Hardness/HV | Tensile strength/MPa | Resistivity/ (μΩ·cm) | Cycling life/cycle | Mass loss/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPS [ | Ag/5%Ti3SiC2 | 850 ℃/20 min/50 MPa | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 99.57 | 69.03 | — | 2.27 | 0.476 5 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3SiC2 | 850 ℃/20 min/50 MPa | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 99.89 | 92.17±0.15 | — | 2.18 | 6 106 | 0.536 8 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/15%Ti3SiC2 | 850 ℃/20 min/50 MPa | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 99.51 | 130.97 | — | 4.46 | — | 0.644 3 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%*Nb2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 99.2 | 77.4 | — | 7.46 | — | — | |
HP [ | Ag/5%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | 99.90 | 94.5±0.3 | 220.0±0.7 | 2.90±0.01 | — | — |
| Ag/10%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 101.5±0.3 | 246.9±0.7 | 4.20±0.02 | — | — | |
| Ag/15%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 112.0±0.3 | 308.4±0.9 | 5.26±0.03 | — | — | |
| Ag/20%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 136.3±0.1 | 357.3±1.1 | 7.19±0.04 | — | — | |
| Ag/25%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 139.7±0.2 | 317.3±0.9 | 9.43±0.03 | — | — | |
| Ag/30%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | 98.5 | 169.0±0.2 | 235.5±0.7 | 10.87 | — | — | |
| Ag/10%*Ta2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 98.2 | — | — | 7.09 | — | — | |
| Ag/20%*Ta2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 96.4 | 97.4 | — | 7.69 | — | — | |
| Ag/30%*Ta2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 94.5 | — | — | 9.43 | — | — | |
Pressureless sintering [ | Ag/10%Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 96.3±0.4 | 87.3±3.9 | — | (6.06±0.4) | — | 6.6±0.3 (6 000 cycles) |
| Ag/10%Ti3AlC2 | 700 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | — | 79 | 145.52 | 4.2 | — | 0.82 (3 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/5%Ti3SiC2 | 950 ℃/60 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.82 | 53.02 | — | 2.35 | — | 0.546 0 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3SiC2 | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.1±0.4 | 73.6±4.9 | — | (2.71±0.4) | — | 3.3±0.2 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3SiC2 | 950 ℃/60 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 94.97 | 55.63±0.16 | — | 2.76 | 2 917 | 0.593 5 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/15%Ti3SiC2 | 950 ℃/60 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 92.67 | 87.70 | — | 5.98 | — | 0.720 3 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/2%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 96.87 | 50.80 | 161.74 | 2.96 | — | — | |
| Ag/4%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 96.14 | 55.00 | 137.99 | 4.52 | — | — | |
| Ag/6%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 95.40 | 56.91 | 123.31 | 6.15 | — | — | |
| Ag/8%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 95.06 | 62.71 | 107.04 | 7.81 | — | — | |
| Ag/10%Ti2SnC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.02 | 75.0 | — | 11.83 | — | 4.576 (6 200 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%V2AlC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95~96 | 80~90 | — | 2.84 | — | 3.0 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Cr2AlC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95~96 | 75~80 | — | 14.19 | 1 270 | 88.4 (1 270 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti2AlC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.9±0.6 | 85.6±2.4 | — | 7.60 | — | 7.7±0.9 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti2AlN | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.2±0.7 | 75.6±2.5 | — | 4.53 | — | 5.8±0.8 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3C2 | 700 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | — | 64 | 32.77 | 3.0 | 1 233 | 54 (1 233 cycles) |
表2 不同制备工艺下Ag/MAX/MXene复合材料性能对比
Table 2 Properties comparision of Ag/MAX/MXene composites under different preparation methods
| Technique | Objective | Preparation condition | Arc condition | Relative density/% | Hardness/HV | Tensile strength/MPa | Resistivity/ (μΩ·cm) | Cycling life/cycle | Mass loss/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPS [ | Ag/5%Ti3SiC2 | 850 ℃/20 min/50 MPa | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 99.57 | 69.03 | — | 2.27 | 0.476 5 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3SiC2 | 850 ℃/20 min/50 MPa | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 99.89 | 92.17±0.15 | — | 2.18 | 6 106 | 0.536 8 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/15%Ti3SiC2 | 850 ℃/20 min/50 MPa | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 99.51 | 130.97 | — | 4.46 | — | 0.644 3 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%*Nb2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 99.2 | 77.4 | — | 7.46 | — | — | |
HP [ | Ag/5%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | 99.90 | 94.5±0.3 | 220.0±0.7 | 2.90±0.01 | — | — |
| Ag/10%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 101.5±0.3 | 246.9±0.7 | 4.20±0.02 | — | — | |
| Ag/15%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 112.0±0.3 | 308.4±0.9 | 5.26±0.03 | — | — | |
| Ag/20%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 136.3±0.1 | 357.3±1.1 | 7.19±0.04 | — | — | |
| Ag/25%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | — | 139.7±0.2 | 317.3±0.9 | 9.43±0.03 | — | — | |
| Ag/30%*Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min/30 MPa | — | 98.5 | 169.0±0.2 | 235.5±0.7 | 10.87 | — | — | |
| Ag/10%*Ta2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 98.2 | — | — | 7.09 | — | — | |
| Ag/20%*Ta2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 96.4 | 97.4 | — | 7.69 | — | — | |
| Ag/30%*Ta2AlC | 700 ℃/30 min/30 MPa | 10 kV | 94.5 | — | — | 9.43 | — | — | |
Pressureless sintering [ | Ag/10%Ti3AlC2 | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 96.3±0.4 | 87.3±3.9 | — | (6.06±0.4) | — | 6.6±0.3 (6 000 cycles) |
| Ag/10%Ti3AlC2 | 700 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | — | 79 | 145.52 | 4.2 | — | 0.82 (3 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/5%Ti3SiC2 | 950 ℃/60 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.82 | 53.02 | — | 2.35 | — | 0.546 0 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3SiC2 | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.1±0.4 | 73.6±4.9 | — | (2.71±0.4) | — | 3.3±0.2 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3SiC2 | 950 ℃/60 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 94.97 | 55.63±0.16 | — | 2.76 | 2 917 | 0.593 5 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/15%Ti3SiC2 | 950 ℃/60 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 92.67 | 87.70 | — | 5.98 | — | 0.720 3 (100 cycles) | |
| Ag/2%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 96.87 | 50.80 | 161.74 | 2.96 | — | — | |
| Ag/4%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 96.14 | 55.00 | 137.99 | 4.52 | — | — | |
| Ag/6%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 95.40 | 56.91 | 123.31 | 6.15 | — | — | |
| Ag/8%Ti2SnC | 850 ℃/120 min | 24 V/20 A/1 Hz | 95.06 | 62.71 | 107.04 | 7.81 | — | — | |
| Ag/10%Ti2SnC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.02 | 75.0 | — | 11.83 | — | 4.576 (6 200 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%V2AlC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95~96 | 80~90 | — | 2.84 | — | 3.0 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Cr2AlC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95~96 | 75~80 | — | 14.19 | 1 270 | 88.4 (1 270 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti2AlC | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.9±0.6 | 85.6±2.4 | — | 7.60 | — | 7.7±0.9 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti2AlN | 800 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | 95.2±0.7 | 75.6±2.5 | — | 4.53 | — | 5.8±0.8 (6 000 cycles) | |
| Ag/10%Ti3C2 | 700 ℃/120 min | 400 V/100 A/50 Hz | — | 64 | 32.77 | 3.0 | 1 233 | 54 (1 233 cycles) |
图2 (a)、(b)电弧侵蚀后Ag/xTi3AlC2(x=10, 20)电触头表面微观形貌;(c)、(d)对应触头断面微观形貌;(e)、(f)对应区域的放大视图[87]
Fig.2 (a), (b) Microstructures of Ag/xTi3AlC2(x=10, 20) electrical contacts after arc erosion; (c), (d) cross-sectional microstructures of the corresponding contacts; (e), (f) enlarged views of the corresponding regions[87]
图3 Ag/Ti3AlC2(a)和Ag/Ti3SiC2(b)复合材料的SEM照片及其对应的元素分布图(c)、(d);Ag/MAX复合材料的相对密度(e)、电阻率(f)和维氏硬度(g)[82]
Fig.3 SEM images of Ag/Ti3AlC2 (a) and Ag/Ti3SiC2 (b) composites and their corresponding elemental distribution maps (c), (d); relative density (e), electrical resistivity (f), and Vickers hardness (g) of Ag/MAX composites[82]
图4 (a)、(b)未球磨Ti3AlC2颗粒的SEM照片;(c)、(d)球磨3 h后Ti3AlC2颗粒的SEM照片;(e)对应的EDS能谱图[91]
Fig.4 (a), (b) SEM images of Ti3AlC2 particles without ball milling; (c), (d) SEM images of Ti3AlC2 particles after 3 h of ball milling; (e) corresponding EDS spectra[91]
图5 烧结态和ECAPed样品的最大压缩应力、应变(a)及电阻率(b)示意图;平行于(c)和垂直于(d)接触表面的Ti3AlC2排列在ECAPed Ag/Ti3AlC2中的示意图[92]
Fig.5 Maximum compressive stress, strain (a) and electrical resistivity (b) of the sintered and ECAPed samples; schematic illustrations of Ti3AlC2 alignment parallel (c) and perpendicular (d) to the contact surface in the ECAPed Ag/ Ti3AlC2 composite, respectively[92]
图6 (a)不同烧结温度下Ag/Ti3AlC2的XRD图谱;烧结温度为850(b)、800(c)和750 ℃(d)时Ag/Ti3AlC2的界面结构;(e)、(f)过饱和Ag(Al)固溶体的明场TEM照片及相应SAED图案[94]
Fig.6 (a) XRD patterns of Ag/Ti3AlC2 sintered at different temperatures; interfacial structures of Ag/Ti3AlC2 sintered at 850 (b), 800 (c), and 750 ℃ (d), respectively; (e), (f) bright-field TEM images of the supersaturated Ag(Al) solid solution and the corresponding SAED patterns[94]
图7 (a)未蚀刻Ti3AlC2和x h-Ti3AlC2样品的XRD图谱;(b)~(d)三个样品的结构示意图;(e)~(g)对应的EDS线扫描[97]
Fig.7 (a) XRD patterns of unetched Ti3AlC2 and x h-Ti3AlC2 samples; (b)~(d) schematic representations of the structures of the three samples; (e)~(g) corresponding EDS line scans[97]
图8 (a)~(d)随着放电循环次数10、100、1 000和6 200个循环,Ag/Ti3AlC2的微观结构演变[73]。电弧侵蚀后Ag/Ti3AlC2复合材料表面典型Ag形貌及其形成机制示意:(e)纳米颗粒;(f)一维晶须;(g)二维片状;(h)三维球状;(i)电弧作用下Ag基体的组织演变过程[98]
Fig.8 (a)~(d) Microstructural evolution of Ag/Ti3AlC2 with increasing discharge cycles of 10, 100, 1 000, and 6 200[73]. Typical Ag morphologies on the surface of Ag/Ti3AlC2 composite after arc erosion and corresponding formation mechanism: (e) nanoparticles; (f) 1D whiskers; (g) 2D flakes; (h) 3D spheres; (i) schematic of microstructural evolution of Ag matrix under arc discharge[98]
图9 (a)~(f)Ag/Ti3AlC2复合材料的抗电弧侵蚀机制[73];(g)、(h)Ag(111)/Ti2SnC(001)不同界面的局部态密度(PDOS)分布,分别对应Ag/C、Ag/Ti界面;(i)不同Ag与Ti2SnC晶面体系的功函数[83]
Fig.9 (a)~(f) Arc erosion resistance mechanism of Ag/Ti3AlC2 composites[73]; (g), (h) partial density of states (PDOS) distributions of different Ag(111)/Ti2SnC(001) interfaces corresponding to Ag/C and Ag/Ti interfaces, respectively; (i) work functions of various Ag/Ti2SnC crystal plane systems[83]
| [1] |
MORIN L, JEMAA N B, JEANNOT D, et al. Contacts materials performances under break arc in automotive applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 2000, 23(2): 367-375.
DOI URL |
| [2] | HOLM R. Electric contacts: theory and application[M]. Germany: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. |
| [3] | JOSHI P B, RAMAKRISHNAN P. Materials for electrical and electronic contacts[M]. Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers, 2004. |
| [4] |
LI G J, YANG T Y, MA Y Y, et al. The effects of oxide additives on the mechanical characteristics of Ag-SnO2 electrical contact materials[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(4): 4897-4906.
DOI URL |
| [5] | 郑旭阳, 巫小飞, 龙小庆, 等. 银基系列电接触复合材料的研发与应用[J]. 贵金属, 2018, 39(增刊1): 66-71. |
| ZHENG X Y, WU X F, LONG X Q, et al. Development and application of silver-based series electrical contact composites[J]. Precious Metals, 2018, 39(supplement 1): 66-71 (in Chinese). | |
| [6] | 柏小平, 林万焕, 张明江. 低压电器用电触头材料[J]. 电工材料, 2007(3): 12-16. |
| BAI X P, LIN W H, ZHANG M J. Contact materials for low voltage electric apparatus[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials, 2007(3): 12-16 (in Chinese). | |
| [7] |
YUAN X B, FU F F, HE R T. Graphene-enhanced silver composites for electrical contacts: a review[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2024, 59(9): 3762-3779.
DOI |
| [8] | 丁健翔, 孙正明, 张培根, 等. Ag基触头材料的研究现状与展望[J]. 材料导报, 2018, 32(1): 58-66. |
| DING J X, SUN Z M, ZHANG P G. et al. Current research status and outlook of Ag-based contact material[J]. Material Reports, 2018, 32(1): 58-66 (in Chinese). | |
| [9] | XU C H, YI D Q, WU C P, et al. Microstructures and properties of silver-based contact material fabricated by hot extrusion of internal oxidized Ag-Sn-Sb alloy powders[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2012, 538: 202-209. |
| [10] | SUN M, WANG Q P, LINDMAYER M. The model of interaction between arc and AgMeO contact materials[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology: Part A, 1994, 17(3): 490-494. |
| [11] |
SHEA J J. Erosion and resistance characteristics of AgW and AgC contacts[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 1999, 22(2): 331-336.
DOI URL |
| [12] |
WANG C, WANG X C, GUO C J. Research on the estimation model of electrical parameters of silver-based contacts based on surface morphology[J]. Sensors, 2025, 25(2): 312.
DOI URL |
| [13] |
PARK Y W, JOO H G, LEE K Y. Effect of intermittent fretting on corrosion behavior in electrical contact[J]. Wear, 2010, 268(3/4): 353-360.
DOI URL |
| [14] |
HUANG W B, YU H J, WANG L, et al. State of the art and prospects in sliver- and copper-matrix composite electrical contact materials[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2023, 37: 107256.
DOI URL |
| [15] |
GUZMÁN D, GONZÁLEZ F, MURANDA D, et al. Fabrication and arc erosion behavior of Ag-SnO2-ZnO electrical contact materials[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(10): 3618.
DOI URL |
| [16] | KUMAR S P, SENTHIL S M, PARAMESHWARAN R, et al. Fabrication of a novel silver-based electrical contact composites and assessment of its mechanical and electrical properties[J]. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2021: 1087-1094. |
| [17] |
CENCI M P, SCARAZZATO T, MUNCHEN D D, et al. Eco-friendly electronics: a comprehensive review[J]. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2022, 7(2): 2001263.
DOI URL |
| [18] |
SUN Z M. Progress in research and development on MAX phases: a family of layered ternary compounds[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2011, 56(3): 143-166.
DOI URL |
| [19] |
ABEL M, ABOTHU I, ABROKWAH J, et al. 2007 Index IEEE transactions on components and packaging technologies Vol. 30[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 2007, 30(4): 895-912.
DOI URL |
| [20] | 刘意春, 谢 明, 张家敏, 等. 银氧化锡电接触材料的制备方法概述[J]. 材料导报, 2013, 27(19): 60-64. |
| LIU Y C, XIE M, ZHANG J M, et al. An overview on the preparation methods of AgSnO2 electrical contact materials[J]. Materials Review, 2013, 27(19): 60-64 (in Chinese). | |
| [21] |
DEV S C, BASAK O, MOHANTY O N. Development of cadmium-free silver metal-oxide contact materials[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1993, 28(24): 6540-6544.
DOI URL |
| [22] | WU Q, XU G F, YUAN M, et al. Influence of operation numbers on arc erosion of Ag/CdO electrical contact materials[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2020, 10(5): 845-857. |
| [23] | ROMANOV D A, MOSKOVSKII S V, MARTUSEVICH E A, et al. Structural-phase state of the system “CdO-Ag coating/copper substrate” formed by electroexplosive method[J]. Metalurgija, 2018, 57(4): 299-302. |
| [24] |
ZHOU C H, BAI W X, GAO L, et al. Optimization research of RoHS compliance based on product lifecycle[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 84(9): 1777-1785.
DOI URL |
| [25] |
GEORGE E, PECHT M. RoHS compliance in safety and reliability critical electronics[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 2016, 65: 1-7.
DOI URL |
| [26] |
KRÓL A, NOWAKOWSKI P, MRÓWCZYŃSKA B. How to improve WEEE management? Novel approach in mobile collection with application of artificial intelligence[J]. Waste Management, 2016, 50: 222-233.
DOI URL |
| [27] | STEWART R. EU legislation relating to electronic waste: the WEEE and RoHS Directives and the REACH regulations[M]// Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2012: 17-52. |
| [28] | SWINGLER J. Performance and arcing characteristics of Ag/Ni contact materials under DC resistive load conditions[J]. IET Science, Measurement & Technology, 2011, 5(2): 37-45. |
| [29] | HUANG R Z, XU G F, ZHAO C W, et al. Influence of Ni content on arc erosion behavior of Ag/Ni electrical contact materials[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2023, 34(12): 1053. |
| [30] |
HE C, CHENG M, ZHANG M, et al. Interfacial stability and electronic properties of Ag/M (M=Ni, Cu, W, and Pd) and Cu/Cr interfaces[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2018, 122(31): 17928-17935.
DOI URL |
| [31] | PIETRZAK K, GŁADKI A, FRYDMAN K, et al. Electrical properties of Ag-C and Cu-C contact materials[J]. Materiały Elektroniczne, 2016, 44: 4-10. |
| [32] | RAY N, KEMPF B, MÜTZEL T, et al. Effect of WC particle size and Ag volume fraction on electrical contact resistance and thermal conductivity of Ag-WC contact materials[J]. Materials & Design, 2015, 85: 412-422. |
| [33] |
CIUMAN-KRZEMIEŃ A, BURZYŃSKA L, GALANTY M. Selection of optimum parameters to obtain Ag-TiB2 composite electrical contacts[J]. Powder Metallurgy, 2009, 52(1): 49-60.
DOI URL |
| [34] | ZHANG H, WANG X H, LIU J T, et al. Mechanical characteristics and arc erosion behavior of Ag-TiB2 contact materials with Ni addition[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2025, 387: 116427. |
| [35] |
LIU L L, WANG X H, LI H Y, et al. Electrical characteristics for novel titanium oxide and carbide enhanced Ag-based contact materials: experimental and simulation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2026, 720: 165170.
DOI URL |
| [36] | RAY N, KEMPF B, WIEHL G, et al. Novel processing of Ag-WC electrical contact materials using spark plasma sintering[J]. Materials & Design, 2017, 121: 262-271. |
| [37] |
WANG J, TIE S N, KANG Y Q, et al. Contact resistance characteristics of Ag-SnO2 contact materials with high SnO2 content[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 644: 438-443.
DOI URL |
| [38] |
XU S H, CHEN Z Y, SHAO W Z, et al. Effects of low-electronegativity doping on the temperature rise of Ag/ZnO electrical contact materials[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 1003: 175592.
DOI URL |
| [39] |
WANG J, KANG Y Q, WANG C, et al. Resistance to arc erosion characteristics of CuO skeleton-reinforced Ag-CuO contact materials[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 756: 202-207.
DOI URL |
| [40] |
HUANG R Z, XU G F, WU Q, et al. Influence of operation number on arc erosion behavior of Ag/Ni electrical contact materials[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2022, 32(8): 2681-2695.
DOI URL |
| [41] | LI H Y, WANG X H, GUO X H, et al. Material transfer behavior of AgTiB2 and AgSnO2 electrical contact materials under different currents[J]. Materials & Design, 2017, 114: 139-148. |
| [42] | 王永根, 曹小青, 倪玉萍, 等. 电触头材料在低压电器中的应用[J]. 低压电器, 2011(10): 58-61. |
| WANG Y G, CAO X Q, NI Y P, et al. Application of contact materials in low voltage apparatus[J]. Low Voltage Apparatus, 2011(10): 58-61 (in Chinese). | |
| [43] | 崔得锋, 黄岚霞, 王景芹, 等. 2019—2023年电接触材料行业发展概况综述及趋势[J]. 电工材料, 2024(6): 1-5. |
| CUI D F, HUANG L X, WANG J Q, et al. Overview and trend outlook of the development of electrical contact materials industry from 2019 to 2023[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials, 2024(6): 1-5 (in Chinese). | |
| [44] | 董庆萍, 吴春萍, 易丹青, 等. 添加元素对Ag-Sn系合金粉末氧化性能的影响研究[J]. 电工材料, 2009(3): 3-7+11. |
| DONG Q P, WU C P, YI D Q, et al. The study of influence Ag-Sn Powder metal internal oxidation with different additive element[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials, 2009(3): 3-7+11 (in Chinese). | |
| [45] | 彭 韬, 谭志龙, 张晓波, 等. Ag-MAX电触头材料的研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 贵金属, 2024, 45(1): 70-77. |
| PENG T, TAN Z L, ZHANG X B, et al. Research status and development trend of Ag-MAX electrical contact materials[J]. Precious Metals, 2024, 45(1): 70-77 (in Chinese). | |
| [46] |
XIE H, NGAI T L, ZHANG P, et al. Erosion of Cu-Ti3SiC2 composite under vacuum arc[J]. Vacuum, 2015, 114: 26-32.
DOI URL |
| [47] | 夏正辉, 汪丹丹, 丁健翔, 等. MAX相增强金属基复合材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(17): 150-166. |
| XIA Z H, WANG D D, DING J X, et al. Research progress of MAX phase reinforced metal matrix composites[J]. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(17): 150-166 (in Chinese). | |
| [48] | 王永根. 电触头材料在低压电器中的应用[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2012. |
| WANG Y G. Applications of contact materials in low-voltage apparatus[D]. Zhejiang: Zhejiang University, 2012 (in Chinese). | |
| [49] | 李文生, 李亚明, 张 杰, 等. 银基电接触材料的应用研究及制备工艺[J]. 材料导报, 2011, 25(11): 34-39+55. |
| LI W S, LI Y M, ZHANG J, et al. Progress in the research and application of silver-based electrical contact materials[J]. Materials Review, 2011, 25(11): 34-39+55 (in Chinese). | |
| [50] | 蒋德志, 章 杰, 白娅玲, 等. AgNi触头材料应用性能及其主要制备工艺[J]. 电工材料, 2014(3): 19-23. |
| JIANG D Z, ZHANG J, BAI Y L, et al. Application performance and preparation technology of AgNi contact materials[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials, 2014(3): 19-23 (in Chinese). | |
| [51] | 师银来, 胡前库, 姬瑜锾, 等. 三元层状MAX相固溶体研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2022, 51(12): 2164-2176. |
| SHI Y L, HU Q K, JI Y H, et al. Research progress of layered ternary MAX phase solid solutions[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2022, 51(12): 2164-2176 (in Chinese). | |
| [52] | 高 卫, 李格格, 丁晗辉, 等. 新型球状微/纳复合增强相协同提升Ag/Ti3AlC2的电接触性能[J/OL]. 金属学报, 2026. DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00213 . |
| GAO W, LI G G, DING H H, et al. Achieving enhanced electrical contact performance of Ag/ Ti3AlC2 with novel spherical micro/nano composite reinforcing phase[J/OL]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2026. DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00213 (in Chinese). | |
| [53] |
BARSOUM M W. The MN+1AXN phases: a new class of solids Thermodynamically stable nanolaminates[J]. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2000, 28(1/2/3/4): 201-281.
DOI URL |
| [54] | 李丹丹, 胡前库, 张 斌, 等. 基于新元素和新多层结构的MAX相陶瓷材料研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2021, 50(12): 2379-2388. |
| LI D D, HU Q K, ZHANG B, et al. Research progress of MAX phase ceramic materials based on new elements and new multilayer structures[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2021, 50(12): 2379-2388 (in Chinese). | |
| [55] |
SHAMSIPOOR A, FARVIZI M, RAZAVI M, et al. Hot corrosion behavior of Cr2AlC MAX phase and CoNiCrAlY compounds at 950 ℃ in presence of Na2SO4+V2O5 molten salts[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(2): 2347-2357.
DOI URL |
| [56] |
LU J L, ABBAS N, TANG J N, et al. Synthesis and characterization of conductive ceramic MAX-phase coatings for metal bipolar plates in simulated PEMFC environments[J]. Corrosion Science, 2019, 158: 108106.
DOI URL |
| [57] |
ZHANG Z, DUAN X M, JIA D C, et al. On the formation mechanisms and properties of MAX phases: a review[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2021, 41(7): 3851-3878.
DOI URL |
| [58] |
HADI M A, KELAIDIS N, NAQIB S H, et al. Mechanical behaviors, lattice thermal conductivity and vibrational properties of a new MAX phase Lu2SnC[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2019, 129: 162-171.
DOI URL |
| [59] |
JIN S, SU T C, HU Q K, et al. Thermal conductivity and electrical transport properties of double-A-layer MAX phase Mo2Ga2C[J]. Materials Research Letters, 2020, 8(4): 158-164.
DOI URL |
| [60] |
SUN Z M, HASHIMOTO H, ZHANG Z F, et al. Synthesis and characterization of a metallic ceramic material-Ti3SiC2 [J]. Materials Transactions, 2006, 47(1): 170-174.
DOI URL |
| [61] | NAGUIB M, KURTOGLU M, PRESSER V, et al. Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 [M]. Singapore: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2023. |
| [62] | MIAN L, QING H. Recent progress and prospects of ternary layered carbides/nitrides MAX phases and their derived two-dimensional nanolaminates MXenes[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019: 560. |
| [63] |
LOH K P. MXenes are still hot[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2023, 35(21): 8771-8773.
DOI URL |
| [64] | 孙丹丹, 胡前库, 李正阳, 等. 新型二维晶体MXene的研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2014, 43(11): 2950-2956. |
| SUN D D, HU Q K, LI Z Y, et al. Research progress of new two-dimensional MXene crytals[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2014, 43(11): 2950-2956 (in Chinese). | |
| [65] |
SCHULTZ T, FREY N C, HANTANASIRISAKUL K, et al. Surface termination dependent work function and electronic properties of Ti3C2T x MXene[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31(17): 6590-6597.
DOI URL |
| [66] | 耿 欣, 温广武, 杨思宇, 等. MXene(Ti3C2)的制备及其吸波性能[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2018, 46(3): 315-321. |
| GENG X, WEN G W, YANG S Y, et al. Fabrication of MXene(Ti3C2) and its microwave absorbing properties[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2018, 46(3): 315-321 (in Chinese). | |
| [67] |
SHEIN I R, IVANOVSKII A L. Graphene-like titanium carbides and nitrides Ti n+1C n, Ti n+1N n (n=1, 2, and 3) from de-intercalated MAX phases: first-principles probing of their structural, electronic properties and relative stability[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2012, 65: 104-114.
DOI URL |
| [68] | 何 艳, 王李波, 王晓龙, 等. 二维晶体材料MXenes的合成、性能和应用研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2019, 48(5): 787-793+808. |
| HE Y, WANG L B, WANG X L, et al. Research progress on synthesis, properties and applications of two-dimensional crystal MXenes[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2019, 48(5): 787-793+808 (in Chinese). | |
| [69] |
NATU V, BARSOUM M W. MXene surface terminations: a perspective[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2023, 127(41): 20197-20206.
DOI URL |
| [70] |
LIU M M, CHEN J L, CUI H, et al. Ag/Ti3AlC2 composites with high hardness, high strength and high conductivity[J]. Materials Letters, 2018, 213: 269-273.
DOI URL |
| [71] | 张 敏. Ag-Ti3SiC2电触头材料的制备及其性能研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018. |
| ZHANG M. Preparation and properties of Ag-Ti3SiC2 contact material[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2018 (in Chinese). | |
| [72] |
KUBO I, ZHOU W W, XU Y S, et al. Microstructure evolution and enhanced mechanical performance of multilayer MXene-reinforced silver matrix composites[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 1007: 176324.
DOI URL |
| [73] |
DING J, TIAN W, WANG D, et al. Corrosion and degradation mechanism of Ag/Ti3AlC2 composites under dynamic electric arc discharge[J]. Corrosion Science, 2019, 156: 147-160.
DOI URL |
| [74] |
DING J, TIAN W, ZHANG P, et al. Preparation and arc erosion properties of Ag/Ti2SnC composites under electric arc discharging[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2019, 8(1): 90-101.
DOI |
| [75] |
丁健翔, 田无边, 汪丹丹, 等. Ag/Ti2AlC复合材料的电弧侵蚀及退化机理[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(5): 627-637.
DOI |
| DING J X, TIAN W B, WANG D D, et al. Arc erosion and degradation mechanism of Ag/Ti2AlC composite[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2019, 55(5): 627-637 (in Chinese). | |
| [76] | 丁健翔. Ag/MAX复合电触头材料的制备与性能研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018. |
| DING J X. Preparation and properties of Ag/MAX composite electrical contact materials[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2018 (in Chinese). | |
| [77] | ZHANG M, TIAN W B, ZHANG P G, et al. Microstructure and properties of Ag-Ti3SiC2 contact materials prepared by pressureless sintering[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2018, 25(7): 810-816. |
| [78] | 张凯歌. 高性能Ag/MAX复合电触头材料制备与应用研究[D]. 马鞍山: 安徽工业大学, 2023. |
| ZHANG K G. Research on preparation and application of high performance Ag/MAX composite electrical contact materials[D]. Maanshan: Anhui University of Technology, 2023 (in Chinese). | |
| [79] |
DING J X, ZHANG K G, LIU D M, et al. Ag-based electrical contact material reinforced by Ti3AlC2 ceramic and its derivative Ti3C2T x [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(5): 567.
DOI URL |
| [80] |
HUANG X C, ZHANG H D, WANG D Z, et al. Study on the properties of Ag-Nb2AlC composite as an electric contact material[J]. Molecules, 2025, 30(4): 765.
DOI URL |
| [81] |
HUANG X C, LI L, GE J L, et al. Investigation on the arc erosion performance of Ag-Ta2AlC composite under air conditions[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2024, 13(9): 1359-1368.
DOI URL |
| [82] |
WANG D D, TIAN W B, LU C J, et al. Comparison of the interfacial reactions and properties between Ag/Ti3AlC2 and Ag/Ti3SiC2 electrical contact materials[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 857: 157588.
DOI URL |
| [83] |
LI H Y, SUN L, WANG X H, et al. First-principle and experimental investigations of arc erosion behavior and mechanism of Ag-x wt%Ti2SnC contact materials[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2025, 58: 105881.
DOI URL |
| [84] |
DING J X, TIAN W B, WANG D D, et al. Microstructure evolution, oxidation behavior and corrosion mechanism of Ag/Ti2SnC composite during dynamic electric arc discharging[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 785: 1086-1096.
DOI URL |
| [85] |
WANG D D, XIA Z H, LU C J, et al. Effect of M-site element on the interaction of M2AlC and Ag and the induced properties of Ag/M2AlC composites[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 31: 870-878.
DOI URL |
| [86] |
WANG D D, ZHU H Y, ZHENG M Y, et al. Comparative study of the microstructure and arc erosion resistance of Ag/Ti2AlX (X = C, N) electrical contact materials[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 961: 170870.
DOI URL |
| [87] |
DING J, TIAN W B, ZHANG P, et al. Arc erosion behavior of Ag/Ti3AlC2 electrical contact materials[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 740: 669-676.
DOI URL |
| [88] | 马士坤, 蔡一铭, 刘 翔, 等. 低含量MAX相增强铜基复合材料微观组织和力/电性能研究[J]. 电工材料, 2025(5): 1-6. |
| MA S K, CAI Y M, LIU X, et al. Microstructure and mechanical/electrical properties of copper-based composites with low MAX phase content[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials, 2025(5): 1-6 (in Chinese). | |
| [89] | 汪丹丹. Ag/MAX电接触材料的组织优化与耐电弧侵蚀性能研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2020. |
| WANG D D. Microstructure control and arc erosion resistance of Ag/MAX electrical contact materials[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2020 (in Chinese). | |
| [90] |
WU C Z, HE Y Q, ZHANG K G, et al. Effect of interfacial behavior on the performance of Ag/M n+1AX n (A=Sn, Al, n=1, 2) electrical functional composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2025, 34(10): 9114-9124.
DOI |
| [91] |
WANG D D, ZHU H Y, WANG J, et al. Microstructure and arc-induced degradation of Ag/Ti3AlC2 composites with varying particle size of Ti3AlC2 [J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(17): 30263-30272.
DOI URL |
| [92] |
WANG D D, TIAN W B, DING J X, et al. Anisotropic arc erosion resistance of Ag/Ti3AlC2 composites induced by the alignment of Ti3AlC2 [J]. Corrosion Science, 2020, 171: 108633.
DOI URL |
| [93] |
WANG D D, TIAN W B, MA A B, et al. Anisotropic properties of Ag/Ti3AlC2 electrical contact materials prepared by equal channel angular pressing[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 784: 431-438.
DOI URL |
| [94] |
LIU M M, CHEN J L, CUI H, et al. Temperature-driven deintercalation and structure evolution of Ag/Ti3AlC2 composites[J]. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(15): 18129-18134.
DOI URL |
| [95] |
DING K K, ZHANG K G, DING J X, et al. Effect of Al atomic layer on the wetting behavior, interface structure and electrical contact properties of silver reinforced by Ti3AlC2 ceramic[J]. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(1): 190-198.
DOI URL |
| [96] | ZHU Y F, TIAN W B, WANG D D, et al. Fabrication and properties of silver-based composites reinforced with carbon-coated Ti3AlC2 [J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2021, 28(11): 1836-1843. |
| [97] |
WU C Z, WU X L, DING J X, et al. Achieving highly conductive Ag/Ti3AlC2 composite by inhibiting interdiffusion[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2025, 255: 116343.
DOI URL |
| [98] |
WANG D D, TIAN W B, DING J X, et al. The beauty and the deed of silver during arc erosion of Ag/Ti3AlC2 contacts[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 820: 153136.
DOI URL |
| [99] |
WU X L, WU C Z, WEI X P, et al. Influence of nano-mechanical evolution of Ti3AlC2 ceramic on the arc erosion resistance of Ag-based composite electrical contact material[J]. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2024, 13(2): 176-188.
DOI URL |
| [100] |
ZHOU Z J, FENG Y, ZHAO H, et al. Arc erosion behavior and mechanism of Ag/Ti3SiC2 cathodes in different atmospheres[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(2): 2319-2328.
DOI URL |
| [1] | 窦仁勤, 杨明亮, 王小飞, 王新宇, 刘文鹏, 高进云, 罗建乔, 张庆礼. TSAG晶体的生长及性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(9): 1357-1362. |
| [2] | 谭俊成, 林可, 张沛雄, 陈振强. 镝铝石榴石单晶光纤生长与性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1120-1126. |
| [3] | 彭晨, 张璐, 潘明艳, 颜欣龙, 贾宇桢, 王瑞辰, 段韦恒, 何伟民, 杨伟虎, 宋柏君, 程瑶, 范潇宇, 杨帆. 辐照对超快闪烁晶体YAG∶Yb闪烁发光的影响研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(2): 191-200. |
| [4] | 陈炳淞, 罗祥生, 蔡平雄, 晁会霞. 赝电容型MoO3@MXenes复合材料的增强储锂性能[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(1): 151-160. |
| [5] | 马忠亮, 段帅毅, 赵玲玲, 鹿桂花, 李玉强, 刘玉学, 杨健. Mn4+掺杂四方相CaLaGaO4远红光发射荧光粉的制备及其发光性能[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2025, 54(8): 1470-1477. |
| [6] | 王振友, 毛长宇, 陈伟豪, 徐俊杰, 余学舟, 吴海信. ϕ60 mm大尺寸红外非线性BaGa4Se7晶体与器件制备[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2025, 54(6): 909-911. |
| [7] | 李铭清, 赵书文, 封晶, 郑祥, 郭瀚, 袁兰英, 丁栋舟, 冯鹤. Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12∶Ce闪烁屏的同步辐射X射线成像研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2025, 54(12): 2112-2118. |
| [8] | 窦仁勤, 刘耀, 罗建乔, 王小飞, 刘文鹏, 张庆礼. Nd∶GdYAG激光晶体的光谱分析及热学性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(9): 1504-1511. |
| [9] | 刘云云, 黄传鑫, 王猛, 王燕. Dy3+/Eu3+双掺杂CaLaGa3O7颜色可调荧光粉的制备与发光性能[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(9): 1560-1567. |
| [10] | 刘晓莹, 黄海深, 孙丽, 潘孟美, 尚真真. 二维MXene材料CrVCF2的电子性质和磁性的第一性原理研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(8): 1386-1393. |
| [11] | 陈言, 张沛雄, 权聪, 孙敦陆, 李真, 陈振强. 基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的Er∶YAG被动调Q激光器[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(7): 1127-1135. |
| [12] | 杨涛, 陈彩明, 黄瑜佳, 吴少平, 徐华蕊, 汪坤喆, 朱归胜. ITO/AgNWs/ITO薄膜的制备及其性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(7): 1150-1159. |
| [13] | 祁君, 李嘉乐, 胡珊, 于小凤, 廖薇星, 黄世文, 徐秀泉. 纳米Ag修饰S掺杂g-C3N4的制备及其光催化抗菌性能[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(6): 1034-1041. |
| [14] | 祁金阳, 王敏, 杨瑞杰, 张迎春, 宋志国. 一种新型苯磺酸-咪唑配合物的结构及催化性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(2): 300-306. |
| [15] | 万前银, 王强, 刘双全, 黄先超, 肖雄, 宋宝林, 蒋赟睿, 陶祖才, 丁雨憧. GAGG:Ce闪烁晶体光输出的温度特性研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(12): 2073-2078. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
E-mail Alert
RSS