退役磷酸铁锂电池的梯次利用和正极材料回收方法现状

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着纯电动汽车的飞速发展,锂离子电池(LIBs)的消耗量日渐增大。磷酸铁锂电池(LFPBs)因安全性能优越、使用寿命长、原材料价格低廉、环境友好且技术成熟等优势,在市场上存量较大。因此退役磷酸铁锂电池报废量也逐年增加,对于其回收方法的研究迫在眉睫。基于此,文章总结了当前锂电池的梯次利用现状,包括退役磷酸铁锂电池性能测定的多种方法,不同余能适用的场合以及投资回报分析。并对磷酸铁锂电池中金属的回收工艺进行了对比,包括破碎、风选、涡电流、冷激等物理方法,浸出、沉淀、活化等化学方法以及生物浸出方法。介绍了修复再生磷酸铁锂(LFP)的相关技术,以期实现退役磷酸铁锂电池资源利用最大化,并为后续有关回收退役磷酸铁锂电池的研究提供技术参考。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电动汽车, 磷酸铁锂, 正极材料, 梯次利用, 金属回收, 修复再生

Abstract: With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the consumption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing fast. Lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFPBs) have a large stock in the market due to their superior safety performance, long service life, low price of raw materials, environmental friendliness and mature technology. Therefore, the scrap volume of retired lithium iron phosphate batteries is also increasing, and research of its recycling methods is imminent. This article summarizes the current status of the echelon utilization of lithium batteries, including multiple methods for determining the performance of retired lithium iron phosphate batteries, applications for different residual energy, analysis of return on investment, and the recovery of metals in lithium iron phosphate batteries. Several processes were compared including physical methods such as crushing, pneumatic separation, eddy current, and cold-shocking, chemical methods such as leaching, precipitation, activation, and biological leaching methods. Related technologies for repairing and regenerating lithium iron phosphate (LFP) are introduced, in order to achieve retiring maximize the utilization of lithium iron phosphate battery resources, and provide technical reference for subsequent research on recycling retired lithium iron phosphate batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, electric vehicle, lithium iron phosphate, cathode material, echelon utilization, metal recovery, repair and regeneration

中图分类号:

TM912
X705

刘梦宁, 李晓强. 退役磷酸铁锂电池的梯次利用和正极材料回收方法现状[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2021, 50(11): 2192-2203.

LIU Mengning, LI Xiaoqiang. Review on Echelon Utilization and Recovery Methods of Cathode Materials from Retired Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery[J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(11): 2192-2203.

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