
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 1192-1205.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0104
孙敏, 马天琦, 庞于立, 路旭, 庄永勇, 魏晓勇, 徐卓(
)
收稿日期:2026-05-26
出版日期:2026-08-20
发布日期:2026-08-26
通信作者:
徐 卓,博士,教授。E-mail:xuzhuo@mail.xjtu.edu.cn作者简介:基金资助:
SUN Min, MA Tianqi, PANG Yuli, LU Xu, ZHUANG Yongyong, WEI Xiaoyong, XU Zhuo(
)
Received:2026-05-26
Online:2026-08-20
Published:2026-08-26
摘要: 铁电晶体光纤将铁电材料优异的光学非线性、电光效应和压电性与光纤波导的结构优势相结合,是集成光子学领域的前沿研究方向。本文系统梳理了铁电单晶光纤与铁电微晶光纤的制备技术、材料体系、性能特性与应用进展。在制备技术方面,激光加热基座(LHPG)法和微下拉(μ-PD)法可实现高质量单晶光纤的生长,原位析晶法和低温复合法为微晶复合光纤的制备提供了可规模化生产的通用方法。在材料体系方面,铌酸锂、钽酸锂和弛豫铁电单晶代表了铁电单晶光纤的主流方向,而铁电微晶光纤则通过原位析晶或低温复合将铁电微晶嵌入玻璃基质中,赋予光纤二阶非线性功能。在非线性光学应用上,周期极化铁电单晶光纤可实现高效率准相位匹配二次谐波产生,而随机分布的铁电微晶光纤得益于随机准相位匹配机制,呈现出宽带、偏振鲁棒的频率转换特性。此外,铁电晶体光纤在非线性频率转换、电光调制及能量收集等领域也展现出广阔的应用前景。本文最后讨论了该领域面临的关键科学问题与挑战,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。
中图分类号:
孙敏, 马天琦, 庞于立, 路旭, 庄永勇, 魏晓勇, 徐卓. 铁电晶体光纤研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(8): 1192-1205.
SUN Min, MA Tianqi, PANG Yuli, LU Xu, ZHUANG Yongyong, WEI Xiaoyong, XU Zhuo. Research Progress on Ferroelectric Crystal Fibers[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(8): 1192-1205.
图1 铁电晶体光纤的分类、制备方法(包括LHPG、μ-PD[17]、原位析晶和低温复合法[18]等)和主要应用(包括非线性频率转换、电光调制与光开关[19]及机电耦合与能量收集[20]等)
Fig.1 Classification, preparation methods (including LHPG, μ-PD[17], in-situ crystallization and low-temperature composition methods[18], etc.) and main applications (including nonlinear frequency conversion, electro-optic modulation and optical switching[19], as well as electromechanical coupling and energy harvesting[20], etc.) of ferroelectric crystal fibers
图2 LHPG与μ-PD法制备铁电单晶光纤。(a)嵌入ITO电极的双层包覆LiNbO3单晶光纤的显微照片[19];(b)Pr3+掺杂LiTaO3单晶纤维及其在静止生长过程中的熔融区域及纤维的切割和抛光端的横截面[41];(c)不同浓度Er掺杂的LiNbO3单晶光纤实物照片[44];(d)μ-PD法制备的Fe∶LiNbO3单晶光纤实物照片[45];(e)生长过程中固-液界面的视图[47]
Fig.2 Ferroelectric single-crystal fibers fabricated using LHPG and μ-PD methods. (a) Micrograph of double-cladding LiNbO3 single-crystal fiber with embedded ITO electrodes[19]; (b) Pr3+ doped LiTaO3 single-crystal fibers and their molten zone under stationary growth process, as well as fiber cross-section of cleaved and polished ends[41]; (c) physical photographs of Er doped LiNbO3 single-crystal fibers with different concentrations[44]; (d) physical photographs of Fe doped LiNbO3 single-crystal fibers fabricated by μ-PD method[45]; (e) view of the solid-liquid interface during growth process[47]
图3 原位析晶法制备铁电微晶光纤。(a)不同热处理条件下获得光纤的光学显微照片[61];(b)熔芯法的示意图及光纤的横截面图像、元素微探针成像(EPMA)图像及在850 ℃下加热处理5 h后得到的光纤透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片[62]
Fig.3 Ferroelectric microcrystalline fibers fabricated by in-situ crystallization method. (a) Optical micrographs of fibers obtained under different heat treatment conditions[61]; (b) schematic diagram of melt-in-tube fiber drawing technique and cross section images, EPMA images of fibers and TEM images of fibers with a heating treatment at 850 ℃ for 5 h[62]
图4 低温复合法制备铁电微晶光纤。(a)偏光显微镜下熔融10Li2O-10Na2O-80TeO2玻璃粉末和LiNbO3晶体实物照片及用石英玻璃棒拉出的粘性熔体获得的LiNbO3掺杂玻璃光纤照片[63];(b)PIN-PMN-PT基铁电微晶玻璃复合光纤的纤芯玻璃及光纤实物照片[64];(c)BaTiO3基铁电纳米晶玻璃复合光纤端面和侧面的显微照片[65]
Fig.4 Ferroelectric microcrystalline fibers fabricated by low-temperature composition method. (a) Polarization microscope photographs of molten 10Li2O-10Na2O-80TeO2 glass powders and LiNbO3 crystals and LiNbO3 doped glass fibers obtained by pulling viscous melt using a quartz glass rod[63]; (b) physical photographs of core glass and fiber of PIN-PMN-PT based ferroelectric microcrystalline glass composite fiber[64]; (c) microscopic photos of end and side surfaces of BaTiO3 based ferroelectric nanocrystalline glass composite fiber[65]
图5 频率转换。(a)前驱体光纤和光纤在850 ℃下经5 h热处理后的光谱,图中插图为使用1 030 nm飞秒激光照射的光纤图像[62];(b)左侧为发射光谱与泵浦光谱的对比,插图展示了经过泵浦处理后的样品发光情况,右侧为SHG与泵浦功率之间的关系,决定系数R2=0.998[66];(c)上方为GaSe集成微纤维中SHG和SFG运作原理的示意图,插图展示了该光纤装置中SHG和SFG的能量图,下方为与入射功率成正比的SHG强度的对数-对数图,拟合斜率为2.0±0.01[69];(d)在恒定500 μW泵浦功率下,对GC-695微球腔在900~1 200 nm泵浦波长范围所记录的SHG光谱进行分析,插图分别为不同泵浦波长下的光学显微镜图像,比例尺为10 μm,左上方插图为微球腔的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片[60]
Fig.5 Frequency conversion. (a) Spectra of precursor fiber and fiber heat treatment at 850 ℃ for 5 h, inset is image of fiber irradiated using 1 030 nm femtosecond laser[62]; (b) left is emission spectrum compared to pump spectrum, inset shows luminescence of sample after pump treatment, and right is dependence of SHG on pump power, R2=0.998[66]; (c) upper part shows a schematic of operation principle of SHG and SFG from GaSe-integrated microfiber, inset shows energy diagrams of SHG and SFG in fiber device, and below is a log-log plot of SHG intensity proportional to incident power, with a fitting slope of 2.0±0.01[69]; (d) SHG spectra of GC-695 microsphere cavity recorded at pump wavelengths from 900 nm to 1 200 nm at a constant pump power of 500 μW, insets are optical microscope images at different pump wavelengths, scale bar is 10 μm, and upper left inset shows SEM images of microsphere cavity[60]
图6 电光调制。(a)左侧为含In2O3-SnO电极的双包层LiNbO3单晶光纤的电极布局示意图,右侧为四种不同类型样品的输出功率与施加电压的关系[19];(b)左侧为LiNbO3薄膜电光调制器剖面结构示意图,右侧为LiNbO3薄膜电光调制器归一化光透射率随驱动电压的变化曲线[2];(c)左侧为调制器横截面的示意图,右侧为模拟的电场图[71]
Fig.6 Electro-optic modulation. (a) Left is schematic diagram of electrode layout in In2O3-SnO electrode-embedded double-cladding LiNbO3 single-crystal fiber, and right is plots of output power versus applied voltage for four different types of samples[19]; (b) left is a schematic diagram of profile structure of LiNbO3 thin-film eletro-optic modulators, and right is normalized optical transmission curve of LiNbO3 thin-film electro-optic modulator versus driving voltage[2]; (c) left is a schematic diagram of cross-sectional of modulator, and right is electrical field of simulation[71]
图7 能量收集。(a)左侧为带有电接触点的聚合物板上的LiTaO3(LTO)纤维及用于表征压电发电器件特性的测量系统示意图,右侧为在1 V偏置电压下,处于压缩和拉伸状态时的波谱图[20];(b)用于制备柔性互感式纳米传感器的P(VDF-TrFE)纳米纤维的示意图、SEM照片及能量收集装置的输出信号电压/电流随时间的变化曲线[72];(c)Ce掺杂的BTO纳米纤维和用于能量收集的柔性器件的制造步骤示意图及装置的电压/电流随时间的变化曲线[73]
Fig.7 Energy harvesting. (a) Left is schematic diagram of LiTaO3 fiber on polymer plate with electrical contact point and measurement system used to characterize properties of piezoelectric generator, and right is spectrum at 1 V under compression and stretching[20]; (b) schematic diagram of P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers for preparation of flexible interdigital electrode type nano sensor, SEM images, and curves showing variation of output signal voltage/current of energy harvesting device versus time[72]; (c) schematic diagram of fabrication steps of Ce-doped BTO nanofiber and flexible device for energy harvesting, and voltage/current curves of device versus time[73]
| 性能指标 | 铁电单晶光纤 | 铁电微晶光纤 |
|---|---|---|
| 二阶非线性系数(d33,pm/V) | LiNbO3:~27[ | LiNbO3、LiTaO3等微晶玻璃:约为单晶的10%~50%[ |
| 传输损耗(dB/cm@1 550 nm) | LiNbO3单晶光纤:损耗~0.89[ | Ba2TiSi2O8等微晶玻璃光纤:损耗~1[ |
| 制备可扩展性 | LHPG法生长单晶纤维[ | 热拉丝方法可连续制备米级微晶玻璃光纤[ |
| 非线性频率转换 | 周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)等:内部转换最高效率约40%[ | RQPM或转角QPM等:目前最高效率约5%[ |
| 电光调制 | LiNbO3单晶光纤:半波电压~6.6 V,有效电光系数~20 pm/V[ | |
| 压电能量收集 | LiNbO3单晶光纤:压电发电功率~30 μW(1 V偏置电压下)[ |
表1 铁电单晶光纤与铁电微晶光纤性能对比
Table 1 Performance comparison between ferroelectric single-crystal fibers and ferroelectric microcrystalline fibers
| 性能指标 | 铁电单晶光纤 | 铁电微晶光纤 |
|---|---|---|
| 二阶非线性系数(d33,pm/V) | LiNbO3:~27[ | LiNbO3、LiTaO3等微晶玻璃:约为单晶的10%~50%[ |
| 传输损耗(dB/cm@1 550 nm) | LiNbO3单晶光纤:损耗~0.89[ | Ba2TiSi2O8等微晶玻璃光纤:损耗~1[ |
| 制备可扩展性 | LHPG法生长单晶纤维[ | 热拉丝方法可连续制备米级微晶玻璃光纤[ |
| 非线性频率转换 | 周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)等:内部转换最高效率约40%[ | RQPM或转角QPM等:目前最高效率约5%[ |
| 电光调制 | LiNbO3单晶光纤:半波电压~6.6 V,有效电光系数~20 pm/V[ | |
| 压电能量收集 | LiNbO3单晶光纤:压电发电功率~30 μW(1 V偏置电压下)[ |
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