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人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 1222-1230.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0093

• 专题·研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

嵌入陶瓷基复合材料的蓝宝石光纤布拉格光栅热冲击研究

张晨昕1(), 周峰2,3(), 曾雨琪3, 谭胡洲3, 张一飞4, 刘显明2, 姜亚军1   

  1. 1.西北工业大学物理科学与技术学院,陕西省光信息技术重点实验室,西安 710129
    2.重庆大学光电工程学院,光电技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆 400044
    3.中国航发湖南动力机械研究所,株洲 412002
    4.北京飞机维修工程有限公司,北京 100621
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-13 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-08-26
  • 通信作者: 周峰,研究员。E-mail:14380842@qq.com
  • 作者简介:张晨昕(2001—),男,山东省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:zhangchenxin@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
    周峰,中国航发湖南动力机械研究所研究员,硕士生导师,国家重点研发计划课题负责人,国家科技专家库专家,河南省科技专家库专家,《燃气涡轮试验与研究》青年编委,株洲市高层次人才,主要研究方向为发动机测试,主持和参与国家级测试课题6项,发表论文10余篇,申请专利20余项,主审和参编国家标准1项、集团标准10余项。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3207500);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2026JC-YBMS-0657)

Thermal Shock Study of Sapphire Fiber Bragg Gratings Embedded in Ceramic Matrix Composites

ZHANG Chenxin1(), ZHOU Feng2,3(), ZENG Yuqi3, TAN Huzhou3, ZHANG Yifei4, LIU Xianming2, JIANG Yajun1   

  1. 1.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology,School of Physical Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China
    2.Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education),College of Optoelectronic Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
    3.AECC Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute,Zhuzhou 412002,China
    4.Aircraft Maintenance and Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100621,China
  • Received:2026-05-13 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-08-26

摘要: 航空发动机导向叶片服役于高温燃气冲刷和快速热冲击环境,实时监测其内部温度与应变状态对构件热结构安全和寿命评估具有重要意义。针对传统电学传感器在高温、强振动和强电磁干扰环境下难以实现嵌入式多参量测量的问题,本文提出一种基于蓝宝石光纤布拉格光栅(SFBG)的陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)导向叶片内部温度-应变同步监测方法。通过端面研磨、轴向偏置熔接和放电电流优化,实现了蓝宝石光纤与多模石英光纤的低损耗耦合熔接,采用飞秒激光相位掩模法制备了中心波长分别为1 530和1 540 nm的级联双SFBG,其-3 dB带宽分别为0.56和0.68 nm,信噪比分别为11.21和9.34 dB。高温性能测试表明,SFBG在室温至1 200 ℃具有稳定的二次函数温度响应,升温和降温阶段拟合优度分别为0.999 47和0.999 68。将SFBG嵌入CMCs试样中开展高温应变标定实验,结果表明经温度补偿后,SFBG在0~3 000 με的测试结果与高温引伸计的测试结果保持一致,相对误差小于5%。本研究进一步将级联双SFBG嵌入导向叶片内部,在1 200 ℃的高速高温气流环境下完成23次热冲击循环测试,实现了导向叶片内部温度-应变的同步测量,初步验证了将SFBG内嵌到CMCs导向叶片中实现热冲击监测的可行性。

关键词: 蓝宝石光纤布拉格光栅; 陶瓷基复合材料; 导向叶片; 高温传感; 应变测量; 热冲击

Abstract: Aero-engine guide vanes operate under high-temperature gas flow and rapid thermal shock environments. Real-time monitoring of their internal temperature and strain states is important for thermal-structural safety assessment and lifetime evaluation. To address the difficulty of embedded multi-parameter measurement using conventional electrical sensors under high-temperature, strong vibration, and strong electromagnetic interference, this study proposed a temperature-strain synchronous monitoring method based on sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) for guide vanes made of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Low-loss coupling and fusion splicing between sapphire fiber and multimode silica fiber were achieved through end-face polishing, axial-offset fusion splicing, and discharge-current optimization. Cascaded dual SFBGs with center wavelengths of 1 530 and 1 540 nm were fabricated using the femtosecond laser phase-mask method. The -3 dB bandwidths of the two SFBGs are 0.56 and 0.68 nm, and the signal-to-noise ratios are 11.21 and 9.34 dB, respectively. High-temperature performance test show that the SFBG exhibits a stable quadratic function temperature response from room temperature to 1 200 ℃, with determination coefficients of 0.999 47 and 0.999 68 during heating and cooling, respectively. An SFBG was embedded into a specimen made of CMCs for high-temperature strain calibration text. The results show that after temperature compensation, the test results of SFBG in 0 με to 3 000 με are consistent with the test results of high-temperature extensometer, and the relative error is less than 5%. In this study, the cascaded dual SFBGs were further embedded inside a guide vane, and 23 thermal shock cycles were conducted under a 1 200 ℃ high-speed, high-temperature gas flow environment. The temperature-strain synchronous measurement inside the guide vane is realized, and the feasibility of embedding SFBG into the CMCs guide vane to realize thermal shock monitoring is preliminarily verified.

Key words: sapphire fiber Bragg grating; ceramic matrix composite; guide vane; high-temperature sensing; strain measurement; thermal shock

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