
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1100-1110.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0071
马晓斐1,2(
), 朱祥飞1,2, 张明记3, 高晨心1,2, 王涛3, 张健3, 贾志泰3, 王泽锋1,2(
)
收稿日期:2026-04-21
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-08-04
通信作者:
王泽锋,博士,教授。E-mail:zefengwang_nudt@163.com作者简介:马晓斐(1997—),女,山东省人,博士。E-mail:xiaofeima_@nudt.edu.cn基金资助:
MA Xiaofei1,2(
), ZHU Xiangfei1,2, ZHANG Mingji3, GAO Chenxin1,2, WANG Tao3, ZHANG Jian3, JIA Zhitai3, WANG Zefeng1,2(
)
Received:2026-04-21
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-08-04
摘要: 本文采用微下拉法生长了掺Tm3+浓度为4%(摩尔分数)的CaGdAlO4 (Tm∶CALGO)无序结构单晶光纤,系统研究了其晶体结构、光学性质、连续激光性能及与BiOX(X=Cl,Br,I)层状晶体可饱和吸收体集成的被动调Q脉冲激光特性。该晶体属于四方晶系,空间群为I4/mmm。X射线衍射和拉曼光谱证实所生长晶体为纯相CALGO结构,结晶质量良好。吸收光谱显示,晶体在793 nm处存在主吸收峰,半峰全宽达19.4 nm,源于无序结构导致的非均匀展宽。拉曼光谱测得该晶体的最高声子能量为614 cm-1,低于YAG晶体的,有利于抑制非辐射弛豫。傅里叶变换红外透过光谱表明,晶体在2~6 μm波段透过率超过80%,红外截止边延伸至10 μm以上。在直腔结构下,Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤实现了最高3.338 W的连续激光输出,斜效率为27.3%,中心波长为1 982.8 nm。将BiOX晶体作为可饱和吸收体集成于激光腔中,在输出镜透过率为5%的条件下实现了稳定的被动调Q脉冲激光输出。采用BiOCl、BiOBr和BiOI作为可饱和吸收体时,获得的最高单脉冲能量分别为18.564、20.335和17.599 μJ,最窄脉冲宽度分别为420、570和506 ns,最高峰值功率分别为44.199、35.675和34.781 W。本文展示了Tm∶CALGO无序结构单晶光纤作为2 μm波段激光增益介质的优异性能,并为单晶光纤与新型可饱和吸收体的集成提供了可行性验证。
中图分类号:
马晓斐, 朱祥飞, 张明记, 高晨心, 王涛, 张健, 贾志泰, 王泽锋. Tm∶CaGdAlO4单晶光纤的生长及激光性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1100-1110.
MA Xiaofei, ZHU Xiangfei, ZHANG Mingji, GAO Chenxin, WANG Tao, ZHANG Jian, JIA Zhitai, WANG Zefeng. Growth and Laser Performance of Tm∶CaGdAlO4 Single-Crystal Fiber[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(7): 1100-1110.
图1 (a)微下拉法生长Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤的装置示意图;(b)CALGO晶体结构示意图;(c)所生长的Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤实物照片;通过化学气相传输法制备的BiOCl(d)、BiOBr(e)与BiOI(f)晶体照片
Fig.1 (a) Schematic diagram of the micro-pulling-down setup for Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber growth; (b) crystal structure illustration of CALGO; (c) photograph of the as-grown Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber; photographs of BiOCl (d), BiOBr (e), and BiOI (f) crystals, respectively, prepared by the chemical vapor transport method
图3 被动调Q Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤脉冲激光光路示意图(插图为典型输出波形)
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the passively Q-switched Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber pulsed laser setup (inset: typical output pulse train and waveform)
图4 Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤的晶体质量表征。(a)粉末XRD图谱;(b)劳厄背反射衍射图谱;(c)拉曼光谱
Fig.4 Crystal quality characterization of Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber. (a) Powder XRD pattern; (b) Laue back-reflection diffraction pattern; (c) Raman spectrum
图5 Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤的光谱性能。(a)FTIR透过光谱;(b)吸收光谱
Fig.5 Spectral properties of Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber. (a) FTIR transmission spectrum; (b) absorption spectrum
图6 不同输出镜透过率下Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤的连续激光性能。(a)输出功率随吸收泵浦功率的变化;(b)输出光谱
Fig.6 Continuous-wave laser performance of Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber under different output coupler transmittances. (a) Output power versus absorbed pump power; (b) output spectra
图7 BiOX可饱和吸收体的光学性能。(a)FTIR透过光谱;(b)在2 μm激光激发下的开孔Z扫描曲线
Fig.7 Optical properties of BiOX saturable absorbers. (a) FTIR transmission spectra; (b) open-aperture Z-scan curves under 2 μm laser excitation
| SA | α0/mm-1 | β/(cm·MW-1) | ΔR/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| BiOCl | 0.023 | -0.204 | 8.8 |
| BiOBr | 0.027 | -0.322 | 12.3 |
| BiOI | 0.033 | -0.471 | 16.2 |
表1 BiOX晶体在2 μm波段的非线性光学参数
Table 1 Nonlinear optical parameters of BiOX crystals at 2 μm
| SA | α0/mm-1 | β/(cm·MW-1) | ΔR/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| BiOCl | 0.023 | -0.204 | 8.8 |
| BiOBr | 0.027 | -0.322 | 12.3 |
| BiOI | 0.033 | -0.471 | 16.2 |
图8 BiOX可饱和吸收体被动调Q Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤脉冲激光输出功率与光谱。(a)平均输出功率随吸收泵浦功率的变化;(b)输出光谱
Fig.8 Passively Q-switched laser output power and spectra of Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber with BiOX saturable absorbers. (a) Average output power versus absorbed pump power; (b) output spectra
图9 BiOX可饱和吸收体被动调Q Tm∶CALGO单晶光纤脉冲激光性能。(a)脉冲重复频率和脉冲宽度随吸收泵浦功率的变化;(b)单脉冲能量和峰值功率随吸收泵浦功率的变化
Fig.9 Passively Q-switched laser performance of Tm∶CALGO single-crystal fiber with BiOX saturable absorbers. (a) Pulse repetition rate and pulse duration versus absorbed pump power; (b) single-pulse energy and peak power versus absorbed pump power
| SA | Gain medium | λ/nm | Mean power/W | Single pulse energy/μJ | Pulse duration/ns | Repetition rate/kHz | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MoS2 | Tm∶CaYAlO4 | 1 850 | 0.490 | 4.87 | 480 | 102.6 | [ |
| MoS2 | Tm∶YAG | 2 330 | 0.204 | 1.07 | 150 | 190 | [ |
| Graphdiyne | Tm∶YAG | 2 007.6 | 1.044 | 895 | 180.5 | [ | |
| MoS2 | Tm∶CLNGG | 1 977 | 0.062 | 0.72 | 110 | [ | |
| Cr2+∶ZnS | Tm,Ho∶LLF | 2 055 | 0.074 | 13 | 12 000 | 5.8 | [ |
| BiOCl | Tm∶CALGO | 1 978.5 | 1.352 | 18.564 | 420 | 72.83 | This work |
| BiOBr | Tm∶CALGO | 1 979.6 | 1.421 | 20.335 | 570 | 69.88 | This work |
| BiOI | Tm∶CALGO | 1 981.7 | 1.532 | 17.599 | 506 | 87.05 | This work |
表2 掺铥增益介质与不同可饱和吸收体结合实现的被动调Q脉冲激光器的研究结果
Table 2 Results of passively Q-switched pulsed lasers realized by combining Tm3+-doped gain media with different saturable absorbers
| SA | Gain medium | λ/nm | Mean power/W | Single pulse energy/μJ | Pulse duration/ns | Repetition rate/kHz | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MoS2 | Tm∶CaYAlO4 | 1 850 | 0.490 | 4.87 | 480 | 102.6 | [ |
| MoS2 | Tm∶YAG | 2 330 | 0.204 | 1.07 | 150 | 190 | [ |
| Graphdiyne | Tm∶YAG | 2 007.6 | 1.044 | 895 | 180.5 | [ | |
| MoS2 | Tm∶CLNGG | 1 977 | 0.062 | 0.72 | 110 | [ | |
| Cr2+∶ZnS | Tm,Ho∶LLF | 2 055 | 0.074 | 13 | 12 000 | 5.8 | [ |
| BiOCl | Tm∶CALGO | 1 978.5 | 1.352 | 18.564 | 420 | 72.83 | This work |
| BiOBr | Tm∶CALGO | 1 979.6 | 1.421 | 20.335 | 570 | 69.88 | This work |
| BiOI | Tm∶CALGO | 1 981.7 | 1.532 | 17.599 | 506 | 87.05 | This work |
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