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人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1005-1021.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0080

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单晶纤维材料制备及其力学性能研究进展

郑楚楚(), 余金山, 王洪磊, 周新贵, 苟燕子()   

  1. 国防科技大学空天科学学院,新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙 410073
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-04
  • 通信作者: 苟燕子,博士,副研究员。E-mail:y.gou2012@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:郑楚楚(2001—),男,河南省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:brucezcc@163.com
    苟燕子,国防科技大学空天科学学院陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室副研究员、博士生导师。主要从事高性能SiC纤维研制工作,在国内首次突破了高结晶连续SiC纤维高温脱氧碳和烧结致密化技术、吸波SiC纤维电阻率大范围调控技术等核心关键技术,2016年底成功制备出高结晶连续SiC纤维,填补了国内空白,使我国成为世界上第三个能够制备出这种关键原材料的国家。在Nano-Micro LettAdv Funct Mater等期刊发表SCI论文80余篇,出版学术专著1部,获授权国家发明专利40余项,参与编写碳化硅纤维国家测试标准9项,获军队科技进步一等奖1项、2024年度材料类SAMPE中国创新奖,被评为国防科技大学巾帼建功先进个人。担任Adv Fiber MaterJ.Adv Ceram等期刊青年编委、中国复合材料学会陶瓷基复合材料分会委员、湖南省精密仪器测试学会理事、湖南省硅酸盐学会理事。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52572119);国家自然科学基金(52272100)

Progress in Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal Fiber Materials

ZHENG Chuchu(), YU Jinshan, WANG Honglei, ZHOU Xingui, GOU Yanzi()   

  1. Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
  • Received:2026-04-30 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-04

摘要: 单晶纤维材料融合了单晶材料在光学、闪烁及多功能特性方面的本征优势,同时兼具纤维形状在微型化、柔性传输和器件集成方面的结构优势,在辐射探测、激光技术、光电子器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。近年来,随着晶体生长技术的发展,单晶纤维材料的制备方法及性能调控研究不断深入。本文围绕单晶纤维材料制备及其力学性能研究进展,系统综述了激光加热基座法、微下拉法、提拉法等主要制备工艺的特点、适用范围及发展现状,并梳理了单晶纤维的主要材料体系,以蓝宝石单晶纤维为例,介绍了其力学特性及缺陷机制。总体来看,单晶纤维的力学性能受材料本征性质与制备工艺共同制约,其中缺陷控制与应力调节是提升结构完整性和服役可靠性的关键。未来应加强高质量可控制备、多尺度力学表征及多场耦合服役行为研究,以推动单晶纤维向高性能和工程化应用方向发展。

关键词: 单晶纤维; 激光加热基座法; 微下拉法; 力学性能; 缺陷机制

Abstract: Single-crystal fiber materials combine the inherent advantages of single-crystal materials in terms of optical, scintillation, and multifunctional properties with the structural benefits of fiber configurations in miniaturization, flexible transmission, and device integration. They hold broad application prospects in fields of radiation detection, laser technology, and optoelectronic devices. In recent years, with the advancement of crystal growth technology, researches on the preparation methods and performance control of single-crystal fiber materials have being continuously deepened. This paper focuses on the research progress in the preparation and mechanical properties of single-crystal fiber materials. It systematically reviews the characteristics, scope of application, and current status of major fabrication processes, such as the laser-heated pedestal growth method, micro-pulling-down method, and Czochralski method. It also outlines the primary material systems for single-crystal fibers and, by using sapphire single-crystal optical fibers as an example, introduces their mechanical properties and defect mechanisms. Overall, the mechanical properties of single-crystal fibers are jointly determined by the intrinsic properties of the material and the preparation process, with defect control and stress regulation being the key to enhancing structural integrity and operational reliability. Future research should focus on controllable fabrication of high-quality, characterization of multiscale mechanical properties, and investigation of multi-field coupled service behavior to advance the development of single-crystal fibers toward high-performance and engineering applications.

Key words: single-crystal fiber; laser-heated pedestal growth method; micro-pulling-down method; mechanical property; defect mechanism

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