高性能锂离子电池纳米Fe2O3/竹叶碳复合负极材料

doi:10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为锂离子电池负极材料的过渡金属氧化物，Fe₂O₃具有高理论比容量（1 007 mAh/g）、储量丰富和环境友好性等优点。然而，在实际应用中，低导电性和循环过程中较高的体积效应限制了其性能的发挥。引入碳基质和纳米化是解决上述问题的有效策略。竹叶碳材料具有成本低、产量大的优势，将其作为碳基质可以提高复合材料的导电性，并缓冲负极活性材料的体积膨胀。本文以来源丰富的竹叶为碳源制备碳材料，通过水热法获得纳米Fe₂O₃，最终通过溶剂热法将竹叶碳与纳米Fe₂O₃结合，制备出纳米Fe₂O₃/竹叶碳负极材料。电化学测试显示，纳米Fe₂O₃/竹叶碳在200 mA/g的电流密度下经过203次循环后仍保持704.6 mAh/g的高比容量，在较大电流密度500 mA/g下比容量达到472 mAh/g。竹叶碳的引入提升了锂离子在电极材料中嵌入嵌出的扩散动力，且增加了赝电容行为对容量的贡献。本研究为利用生物质衍生碳提高锂离子电池负极材料的可逆容量和循环寿命提供了新思路。

关键词: Fe₂O₃; 竹叶碳; 锂离子电池; 负极; 可逆容量; 循环寿命

Abstract: The transition metal oxide Fe₂O₃， as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries， exhibits advantages such as high theoretical specific capacity （1 007 mAh/g）， abundant reserves， and environmental friendliness. However， in practical applications， its performance is limited by low conductivity and significant volume expansion during cycling. Introducing a carbon matrix and nanostructuring are effective strategies to address these issues. The bamboo leaf carbon offers advantages of low cost and high yield. As a carbon matrix， it enhances the conductivity of the composite and buffers the volume expansion of the anode active material. In this study， bamboo leaves were used as a carbon source to prepare carbon materials. Nano-Fe₂O₃ was synthesized by hydrothermal method， and finally， a solvothermal method was employed to combine bamboo leaf-derived carbon with nano-Fe₂O₃， producing a nano-Fe₂O₃/bamboo leaf carbon composite anode material. Electrochemical tests reveal that the nano-Fe₂O₃/bamboo leaf carbon composite maintains a high specific capacity of 704.6 mAh/g after 203 cycles at a current density of 200 mA/g， while delivering a specific capacity of 472 mAh/g at a higher current density of 500 mA/g. The incorporation of bamboo leaf carbon improves the diffusion kinetics of lithium-ion insertion/extraction in the electrode material， and also increases the contribution of pseudocapacitive behavior to the capacity. This study provides a novel approach for utilizing biomass-derived carbon to enhance the reversible capacity and cycling stability of lithium-ion battery anode materials.

Key words: Fe₂O₃; bamboo leaf carbon; Li-ion battery; anode; reversible capacity; cycling stability

中图分类号:

O646

望军, 金姚瑶, 胡章涛, 郑毅, 张瀚. 高性能锂离子电池纳米Fe₂O₃/竹叶碳复合负极材料[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2025, 54(9): 1654-1662.

WANG Jun, JIN Yaoyao, HU Zhangtao, ZHENG Yi, ZHANG Han. Nano-Fe₂O₃/Bamboo Leaf Carbon Composite Anode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2025, 54(9): 1654-1662.

图/表 7

表1 化学试剂和药品

Table 1 Reagents and drugs required for the experiment

Reagents name	Chemical formula/Abbreviation	Purity	Manufacturer
Ammonium fluoride	NH₄F	Analytical pure	Chengdu Cologne Chemical Co.， Ltd.
Urea	CH₄N₂O	Analytical pure	Chengdu Cologne Chemical Co.， Ltd.
Ferric nitrate	Fe（NO₃）₃·9H₂O	Analytical pure	Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory
N-methylpyrrolidone	NMP	Analytical pure	Wuxi Yatai United Chemical Co.， Ltd.
Polyvinylidene fluoride	PVDF	Analytical pure	Zhongcheng Plastics Co.， Ltd.
Acetylene black	C	Battery grade	Shanghai Dengke Industrial Co.， Ltd.
Anhydrous ethanol	C₂H₅OH	Analytical pure	Chongqing Chuandong Chemical Co.， Ltd.
Lithium sheet	Li	Battery grade	Shanghai Oujin Industrial Co.， Ltd.
High purity nitrogen	N₂	99.999%	Chongqing Chaoyang Gas Co.， Ltd.
Electrolyte	LiPF₆/（EC+EMC）	Battery grade	Tianjin Aiweixin Chemical Technology Co.， Ltd.
Membrane	Celgard-2400	Battery grade	Celgard LLC
Hydrofluoric acid	HF	Analytical pure	Chongqing Chuandong Chemical Co.， Ltd.

图1 Fe2O3/竹叶碳合成示意图

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Fe2O3/bamboo leaf carbon

图2 （a）纯竹叶碳、纯Fe2O3和Fe2O3/C的XRD图谱；（b）Fe2O3/C的拉曼光谱

Fig.2 （a） XRD patterns of pure bamboo leaf carbon， pure Fe2O3 and Fe2O3/C；（b） Raman spectrum of Fe2O3/C

图3 （a）C的SEM照片；（b）Fe2O3的SEM照片；（c）Fe2O3/C的SEM照片；（d）Fe2O3/C的元素mapping图：C、O和Fe分别为红色、蓝色和绿色区域

Fig.3 （a） SEM image of C；（b） SEM image of Fe2O3；（c） SEM image of Fe2O3/C；（d） elemental mapping of Fe2O3/C： C， O， and Fe were red， biue and green regions， respectively

图4 Fe2O3、C和Fe2O3/C不同电流密度下的倍率性能（a）与在200 mA/g下的循环性能（b）

Fig.4 Rate performances at various current densities （a） and cyclic performances at 200 mA/g （b） for the pure Fe2O3， C and Fe2O3/C

图5 （a）Fe2O3/C在电流密度为500 mA/g时的电化学性能；（b）200 mA/g下Fe2O3/C的充放电曲线；（c）三次循环后纯Fe2O3、C和Fe2O3/C的奈奎斯特图；（d）0.1 mV/s下Fe2O3/C的C-V曲线

Fig.5 （a） Electrochemical performance at a current density of 500 mA/g for the Fe2O3/C；（b） galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of Fe2O3/C at 200 mA/g；（c） Nyquist plots of the pure Fe2O3， C and Fe2O3/C after three cycling；（d） C-V curves of Fe2O3/C at 0.1 mV/s

图6 Fe2O3@C（a）和Fe2O3（b）在0.2~1.0 mV/s的不同扫描速率下的C-V曲线；（c）峰值电流与扫描速率之间的对数关系，以及相应的线性拟合；Fe2O3@C（d）和Fe2O3（e）在不同扫描速率下的伪电容贡献率

Fig.6 C-V curves of Fe2O3@C （a） and Fe2O3 （b） under different scan rates ranging from 0.2 mV/s to 1.0 mV/s；（c） logarithmic relationship between peak current and scan rate， and corresponding linear fit； contribution rate of pseudocapacitance at different scan rates for Fe2O3@C （d） and Fe2O3 （e）

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高性能锂离子电池纳米Fe₂O₃/竹叶碳复合负极材料

Nano-Fe₂O₃/Bamboo Leaf Carbon Composite Anode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

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