
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 340-348.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0200
游志鹏1(
), 任泽阳1,2(
), 张金风1,2, 郝跃1, 张进成1
收稿日期:2025-09-12
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-04-08
通信作者:
任泽阳,博士,教授。E-mail:zeyangren@xidian.edu.cn作者简介:游志鹏(2002—),男,江西省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:24251215695@stu.xidian.edu.cn
基金资助:
YOU Zhipeng1(
), REN Zeyang1,2(
), ZHANG Jinfeng1,2, HAO Yue1, ZHANG Jincheng1
Received:2025-09-12
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-04-08
摘要: 金刚石是超宽禁带半导体的典型代表,理论上具有禁带宽度大、热导率极高、载流子迁移率高等优点,是高频、大功率、高温电子器件的理想材料。实现高效、高稳定的半导体掺杂是金刚石半导体电子器件应用的必然要求。目前,通过采用氢终端/硅终端等表面改性及硼掺杂等方法已经实现了较为优异的金刚石p型掺杂,并且p型器件也不断取得新的突破。但金刚石n型半导体掺杂却一直没有寻找到合适的掺杂剂或材料改性方法,仍然面临着掺杂效率低、激活能高、材料生长困难等问题。本文系统综述了金刚石采用单元素掺杂和多元素共掺杂方法实现n型半导体掺杂的国内外研究进展,并对各种掺杂方案的优势和缺点进行了分析,对金刚石n型掺杂的发展前景进行展望,希望能为解决金刚石n型半导体掺杂难题提供参考。
中图分类号:
游志鹏, 任泽阳, 张金风, 郝跃, 张进成. 金刚石n型掺杂研究进展与展望[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(3): 340-348.
YOU Zhipeng, REN Zeyang, ZHANG Jinfeng, HAO Yue, ZHANG Jincheng. Research Progress and Prospects of Diamond n-Type Doping[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(3): 340-348.
图1 金刚石半导体电子器件的大功率优势比较[9]
Fig.1 A comparison of the high-power advantages of diamond semiconductor electronic devices[9]. Reproduced under the terms of the CC BY license
| Physical property | Unit | Si | Si-4H | GaN | Ga2O3 | Diamond | AlN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bandgap | eV | 1.1 | 3.23 | 3.42 | 4.8 | 5.47 | 6.2 |
| Breakdown electric field | MV/cm | 0.3 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 2.1 |
| Electron mobility | cm2/(V·s) | 1 500 | 1 000 | 2 000 | 300 | 4 500 | 426 |
| Hole mobility | cm2/(V·s) | 480 | 100 | 20 | — | 3 800 | 141 |
| Thermal conductivity | W/(m·K) | 150 | 500 | 150 | 27 | 2 200 | 321 |
| Dielectric constant | ε | 11.8 | 9.7 | 9 | 10 | 5.7 | 8.87 |
表1 金刚石与其他半导体材料性质比较
Table 1 Comparison of properties between diamond and other semiconductor materials
| Physical property | Unit | Si | Si-4H | GaN | Ga2O3 | Diamond | AlN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bandgap | eV | 1.1 | 3.23 | 3.42 | 4.8 | 5.47 | 6.2 |
| Breakdown electric field | MV/cm | 0.3 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 2.1 |
| Electron mobility | cm2/(V·s) | 1 500 | 1 000 | 2 000 | 300 | 4 500 | 426 |
| Hole mobility | cm2/(V·s) | 480 | 100 | 20 | — | 3 800 | 141 |
| Thermal conductivity | W/(m·K) | 150 | 500 | 150 | 27 | 2 200 | 321 |
| Dielectric constant | ε | 11.8 | 9.7 | 9 | 10 | 5.7 | 8.87 |
| Co-doped element | Unit | B-P | B-S | B-O | B-N | B-Li | H-N4 | N-S | N-Li | N-Si4 | B-Se | Li-N4 | Be-P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activation energy/ionization energy | eV | 1.57~1.80 109×10-3 | 0.39 0.55 | 0.574 | 0.22 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.147 | 0.85 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.428 | 0.14 | 0.31 0.27 |
表2 不同共掺杂元素在金刚石中的激活能/电离能
Table 2 Activation energy/ionization energy of different co-doped elements in diamond
| Co-doped element | Unit | B-P | B-S | B-O | B-N | B-Li | H-N4 | N-S | N-Li | N-Si4 | B-Se | Li-N4 | Be-P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activation energy/ionization energy | eV | 1.57~1.80 109×10-3 | 0.39 0.55 | 0.574 | 0.22 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.147 | 0.85 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.428 | 0.14 | 0.31 0.27 |
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