熔体法生长大尺寸有机晶体

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大尺寸有机晶体在太赫兹波产生、中子探测、微波激射等多个关系国计民生、涉及国家安全的领域具有重要应用前景。但大尺寸有机单晶生长一直是国际公认的难题,无论是在生长理论、生长方法还是生长设备方面都远远落后,在整个人工晶体领域相对小众;而且有机晶体硬度低、脆性高、易解理等本征特性为加工和后期应用带来了很多困难,制约了相关领域的发展。有机分子晶体的物化性质决定了其生长方法多采用溶液或气相方法,熔体生长方法在结晶质量控制方面难度更大;但针对上述应用所需的大尺寸单晶和掺杂要求,熔体生长方法相比溶液和气相方法更具优势。本文对熔体法生长大尺寸有机晶体进行分类总结,对影响生长过程和晶体质量的原料提纯、籽晶生长、安瓿设计、固液界面控制、生长及降温速度调控、加热温区等因素进行分析,结合本课题组近年来利用熔体法生长大尺寸有机晶体的实际经验,旨在为大尺寸有机晶体的生长研究提供理论基础和实践经验,突破高质量、大尺寸有机单晶生长的国际难题。

关键词: 有机晶体, 大尺寸, 生长方法, 熔体法, 布里奇曼法

Abstract: Large-sized organic single crystals play an indispensable role in many fields such as terahertz generation, neutron detection and maser, which are essential to national security and welfare. However, the growth of large-sized organic crystals has always been a big challenge and moreover, due to the intrinsic characteristics of organic crystals such as low hardness, frangibility, and easy-to-cleavage, processing and application of organic crystals are also hard tasks. Considering the lack of available large-sized organic single crystals has seriously hampered the development of the related fields in our country, a full summary and analysis of organic crystals growth methods is necessary. Comparing with growth methods based on gas phase and liquid phase, growth of bulk and doped organic crystals from melt is superior in terms of size and doping control. However, regulating accurately the growth process of bulk-sized and hig-quality crystal from organic melt is difficult to realize due to the low crystallization capacity and thermal stability of organic melts. In order to provide theoretical basis and practical experience, the research progress of bulk organic crystals via melt growth is summarized in this paper. From the aspects of raw materials refining, seed crystals selection, ampoule design, solid-liquid interface control, growing and cooling rate, and thermal field optimization, both scientific problems and technical issues in melt growth of bulk organic single crystals are specifically analyzed.

Key words: organic crystal, large-sized, growth method, melt growth, Bridgman method

中图分类号:

O734

蒋金科, 崔双月, 刘阳, 陶绪堂. 熔体法生长大尺寸有机晶体[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2021, 50(4): 603-618.

JIANG Jinke, CUI Shuangyue, LIU Yang, TAO Xutang. Melt Growth of Bulk Organic Crystals[J]. JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, 2021, 50(4): 603-618.

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