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Journal of Synthetic Crystals ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 2060-2071.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0199

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Research Progress on TBC Solar Cell Technology

GAO Jiaqing1(), QU Xiaoyong1, WU Xiang1, GUO Yonggang1, WU Weixiong2, ZHANG Bo1, WEI Kaifeng1   

  1. 1. Xi’an Solar Power Branch,Qinghai Huanghe Hydropower Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Xi’an 710100,China
    2. Ma Ma Ya Branch,Guizhou Beipanjiang Electric Power Co. ,Ltd. ,Anshun 561000,China
  • Received:2025-09-12 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-04

Abstract: As a representative of the third-generation high-efficiency crystalline silicon photovoltaic technology, the tunnel oxide passivated back contact (TBC) solar cells deeply integrate the superior interface passivation characteristics of TOPCon technology with the zero front-side shading advantage of interdigitated back contact (IBC) cells, significantly reducing optical absorption losses and carrier recombination, thereby leading to laboratory conversion efficiencies approaching 28%. This paper systematically elaborates on the core structural principles and technical features of TBC cells, with a focused analysis of the breakthrough mechanisms in their optical, passivation, and contact properties. It provides a detailed introduction to key fabrication processes, including back-side patterning design, passivating contact structure fabrication, and metallization techniques. Furthermore, the paper reviews the evolution and latest research progress of TBC technology, while also addressing the challenges faced in its industrialization, such as high process complexity, the need for improved bifaciality, cost control and supply chain maturation, thereby offering valuable insights for subsequent technological optimization and large-scale application.

Key words: TBC solar cell; structural design; preparation process; industrialization progress

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