
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 791-800.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0228
梅祖月(
), 马明德, 马小军, 石哲, 曹志杰, 马玲(
)
收稿日期:2025-11-03
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-06-09
通信作者:
马玲,博士,教授。E-mail:maling315@163.com作者简介:梅祖月(1999—),女,河南省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:3515364391@qq.com
基金资助:
MEI Zuyue(
), MA Mingde, MA Xiaojun, SHI Zhe, CAO Zhijie, MA Ling(
)
Received:2025-11-03
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-06-09
摘要: 高镍层状三元氧化物LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)具有比容量高、倍率性能高、成本低等优点,是非常具有应用前景的锂离子电池正极材料。本文通过第一性原理模拟计算方法深入研究掺杂Mg对NCM811材料结构和脱嵌锂性能的影响,计算结果表明:Mg在NCM811中优先占据Ni位,导致Ni—O键收缩、键能增大,从而增强对氧原子的束缚,有效降低氧气释放,提高NCM811的结构稳定性;Mg掺杂将NCM811中Ni2+氧化成Ni3+;在脱锂过程中,Ni2+和Ni3+是氧化还原活性中心,均被氧化成Ni4+;完全脱锂后,Mg@NCM811体积收缩的幅度比NCM811结构小,表明Mg掺杂会抑制晶格畸变,提高NCM811材料在充放电循环过程中的结构稳定性。
中图分类号:
梅祖月, 马明德, 马小军, 石哲, 曹志杰, 马玲. Mg掺杂对三元正极材料NCM811结构和脱嵌锂性能影响的第一性原理研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(5): 791-800.
MEI Zuyue, MA Mingde, MA Xiaojun, SHI Zhe, CAO Zhijie, MA Ling. First-Principles Study of the Effects of Mg Doping on the Structural and Lithium Deintercalation Properties of Ternary Cathode Material NCM811[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(5): 791-800.
| Computational model | Cell parameter | Cell volume/Å3 | Volume change/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a/Å | b/Å | c/Å | |||
| NCM811cal | 5.71 | 5.71 | 14.06 | 397.70 | 2.07 |
| NCM811exp[ | 5.75 | 5.75 | 14.20 | 406.11 | |
| Mg doping | 5.70 | 5.79 | 13.81 | 396.95 | 0.19 |
表1 NCM811和Mg@NCM811结构的晶格常数
Table 1 Lattice constants of NCM811 and Mg@NCM811 structures
| Computational model | Cell parameter | Cell volume/Å3 | Volume change/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a/Å | b/Å | c/Å | |||
| NCM811cal | 5.71 | 5.71 | 14.06 | 397.70 | 2.07 |
| NCM811exp[ | 5.75 | 5.75 | 14.20 | 406.11 | |
| Mg doping | 5.70 | 5.79 | 13.81 | 396.95 | 0.19 |
| Doping site | Ef/eV | Doping site | Ef/eV | Doping site | Ef/eV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni1 | 0.37 | Ni5 | 1.03 | Ni9 | 1.63 |
| Ni2 | 1.03 | Ni6 | 0.95 | Ni10 | 0.52 |
| Ni3 | 0.42 | Ni7 | 0.06 | Co | 0.20 |
| Ni4 | 0.80 | Ni8 | 0.16 | Mn | 0.45 |
表2 Mg原子在不同掺杂位点的形成能(Ef)
Table 2 Formation energies (Ef) of Mg atom at different doping sites
| Doping site | Ef/eV | Doping site | Ef/eV | Doping site | Ef/eV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni1 | 0.37 | Ni5 | 1.03 | Ni9 | 1.63 |
| Ni2 | 1.03 | Ni6 | 0.95 | Ni10 | 0.52 |
| Ni3 | 0.42 | Ni7 | 0.06 | Co | 0.20 |
| Ni4 | 0.80 | Ni8 | 0.16 | Mn | 0.45 |
| NCM811 | Mg@NCM811 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TM—O | Peak position(X) | Peak height(Y) | FWHM | TM—O | Peak position(X) | Peak height(Y) | FWHM |
| Li—O | 2.05 | 5.41 | 0.32 | Li—O | 2.05 | 5.47 | 0.32 |
| Ni—O | 1.90 | 9.00 | 0.23 | Ni—O | 1.85 | 9.64 | 0.17 |
| Co—O | 1.90 | 19.59 | 0.10 | Co—O | 1.90 | 17.62 | 0.11 |
| Mn—O | 1.90 | 17.25 | 0.12 | Mn—O | 1.90 | 16.96 | 0.12 |
| Mg—O | 2.00 | 13.25 | 0.14 | ||||
表3 Mg掺杂NCM811前、后Li—O、Ni—O、Co—O、Mn—O及Mg—O的第一个峰的峰位、对应的峰高和FWHM
Table 3 Peak position, height, and FWHM of the first peak for Li—O, Ni—O, Co—O, Mn—O, and Mg—O before and after Mg doping in NCM811
| NCM811 | Mg@NCM811 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TM—O | Peak position(X) | Peak height(Y) | FWHM | TM—O | Peak position(X) | Peak height(Y) | FWHM |
| Li—O | 2.05 | 5.41 | 0.32 | Li—O | 2.05 | 5.47 | 0.32 |
| Ni—O | 1.90 | 9.00 | 0.23 | Ni—O | 1.85 | 9.64 | 0.17 |
| Co—O | 1.90 | 19.59 | 0.10 | Co—O | 1.90 | 17.62 | 0.11 |
| Mn—O | 1.90 | 17.25 | 0.12 | Mn—O | 1.90 | 16.96 | 0.12 |
| Mg—O | 2.00 | 13.25 | 0.14 | ||||
图3 NCM811在不同脱锂状态下的c(a)和体积V(b),Mg@NCM811在不同脱锂状态下的c(c)和体积V(d)
Fig.3 c (a) and volumeV (b) of NCM811 at different delithiation states,c (c) and volumeV (d) of Mg@NCM811 at different delithiation states
| NCM811 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Element | Bader charge before delithiation | Magnetic moment before delithiation/μB | Bader charge after fully delithiated |
| Ni1 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni2 | 8.74 | -1.16 | 8.46 |
| Ni3 | 8.59 | 0.87 | 8.49 |
| Ni4 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni5 | 8.59 | -0.57 | 8.46 |
| Ni6 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.49 |
| Ni7 | 8.59 | 0.89 | 8.46 |
| Ni8 | 8.59 | 0.86 | 8.49 |
| Ni9 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni10 | 8.59 | 0.87 | 8.49 |
| Co | 7.56 | -0.04 | 7.41 |
| Mn | 4.88 | 2.86 | 4.89 |
| Mg@NCM811 | |||
| Element | Bader charge before delithiation | Magnetic moment before delithiation/μB | Bader charge after fully delithiated |
| Ni1 | 8.59 | -0.61 | 8.48 |
| Ni2 | 8.61 | -0.56 | 8.47 |
| Ni3 | 8.60 | 0.86 | 8.48 |
| Ni4 | 8.59 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni5 | 8.61 | -0.56 | 8.47 |
| Ni6 | 8.60 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni7 | 8.60 | 0.87 | 8.48 |
| Ni8 | 8.59 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni9 | 8.60 | 0.86 | 8.48 |
| Mg | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Co | 7.57 | -0.03 | 7.40 |
| Mn | 4.89 | 2.90 | 4.86 |
表4 NCM811和Mg@NCM811结构中脱锂前Bader电荷、磁矩和完全脱锂后Bader电荷
Table 4 Bader charge, magnetic moment before delithiation, and Bader charge after fully delithiation in NCM811 and Mg@NCM811 structures
| NCM811 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Element | Bader charge before delithiation | Magnetic moment before delithiation/μB | Bader charge after fully delithiated |
| Ni1 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni2 | 8.74 | -1.16 | 8.46 |
| Ni3 | 8.59 | 0.87 | 8.49 |
| Ni4 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni5 | 8.59 | -0.57 | 8.46 |
| Ni6 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.49 |
| Ni7 | 8.59 | 0.89 | 8.46 |
| Ni8 | 8.59 | 0.86 | 8.49 |
| Ni9 | 8.58 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni10 | 8.59 | 0.87 | 8.49 |
| Co | 7.56 | -0.04 | 7.41 |
| Mn | 4.88 | 2.86 | 4.89 |
| Mg@NCM811 | |||
| Element | Bader charge before delithiation | Magnetic moment before delithiation/μB | Bader charge after fully delithiated |
| Ni1 | 8.59 | -0.61 | 8.48 |
| Ni2 | 8.61 | -0.56 | 8.47 |
| Ni3 | 8.60 | 0.86 | 8.48 |
| Ni4 | 8.59 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni5 | 8.61 | -0.56 | 8.47 |
| Ni6 | 8.60 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni7 | 8.60 | 0.87 | 8.48 |
| Ni8 | 8.59 | -0.60 | 8.48 |
| Ni9 | 8.60 | 0.86 | 8.48 |
| Mg | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Co | 7.57 | -0.03 | 7.40 |
| Mn | 4.89 | 2.90 | 4.86 |
图6 嵌锂态(a)和脱锂态(b)NCM811的分波态密度,以及嵌锂态(c)和脱锂态(d)Mg@NCM811的分波态密度
Fig.6 PDOSs of states of lithiated (a) and delithiated (b) NCM811, and PDOSs of states of lithiated (c) and delithiated (d) Mg@NCM811
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