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人工晶体学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 737-756.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2024.0309

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宽禁带半导体碳化硅基核辐射探测器研究进展

杜青波(), 杨亚鹏, 高旭东, 张智, 赵晓宇, 王惠琦, 刘轶尔, 李国强()   

  1. 中国辐射防护研究院,太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-28
  • 通信作者: 李国强,博士,研究员。E-mail:liguoqiang@crip.org.cn
  • 作者简介:杜青波(1999—),男,江西省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:2247807057@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划青年科学研究项目(202303021212384)

Research Progress of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Silicon Carbide Based Nuclear Radiation Detector

DU Qingbo(), YANG Yapeng, GAO Xudong, ZHANG Zhi, ZHAO Xiaoyu, WANG Huiqi, LIU Yier, LI Guoqiang()   

  1. China Institute of Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006,China
  • Received:2024-12-09 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-28

摘要: 碳化硅(SiC)半导体材料具有宽禁带、大晶体原子离位阈能及高电子空穴迁移速率等众多突出优势,基于其研制的SiC核辐射探测器具有耐高温、抗辐照、体积小、响应快等优点。高质量、大尺寸SiC晶体材料与外延生长技术及器件制备工艺的不断提升,极大地促进了SiC基核辐射探测器的发展。本文从SiC核辐射探测器的原理及性能评价指标入手,分析了辐射探测时SiC材料与各种辐射粒子相互作用的方式、主要性能指标,以及主要性能指标与SiC晶体缺陷等的关系,并基于SiC晶体的物理性质,总结对比了探测器级SiC晶体衬底制备和外延生长的方法,重点介绍了SiC带电粒子探测器、中子探测器、X/γ探测器的最新研究进展,分析了SiC基核辐射探测器发展面临的挑战,为提高SiC基核辐射探测器的性能提供了参考。

关键词: 碳化硅; 宽禁带半导体; 半导体核辐射探测器; 单晶生长; 外延生长

Abstract: Silicon carbide(SiC) semiconductor material has many outstanding advantages such as wide band gap, large crystal atom departure threshold energy and high electron hole migration rate. The SiC based nuclear radiation detector has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high radiation resistance, small size and fast response. The continuous improvements of high quality, large size SiC crystal materials growth, epitaxial growth technology and device preparation technologis have greatly promoted the development of SiC based nuclear radiation detectors. This paper starts with the principle and performance evaluation index of SiC nuclear radiation detector, analyzes the interaction mode and main performance index of SiC material with various radiation particles during radiation detection, and the relationship between main performance index and SiC crystal defects, etc. Based on the physical properties of SiC crystal, the preparation and epitaxial growth methods of SiC crystal substrate at the detector level are summarized and compared. The latest research progress of SiC charged particle detector, neutron detector and X/γ detector are introduced, and the challenges in the development of SiC based nuclear radiation detector are analyzed, which provide a reference for improving the performance of SiC based nuclear radiation detector.

Key words: silicon carbide; wide band gap semiconductor; semiconductor nuclear radiation detector; single crystal growth; epitaxial growth

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