
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1044-1059.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0030
卫毅笑1,2(
), 苏静1,3, 卢华东1,3(
), 彭堃墀1,3
收稿日期:2026-02-27
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-08-04
通信作者:
卢华东,博士,教授。E-mail:luhuadong@sxu.edu.cn作者简介:基金资助:
WEI Yixiao1,2(
), SU Jing1,3, LU Huadong1,3(
), PENG Kunchi1,3
Received:2026-02-27
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-08-04
摘要: 全固态单频连续波激光器因具有线宽窄、光束质量好、功率稳定性高和噪声低等优点,是量子光学和精密测量等基础研究和应用领域的优质光源。随着科学技术的飞速发展和应用需求的不断提升,在保障激光器整体性能的基础上提高激光器的输出功率变得尤为重要。然而,光纤激光器在高功率输出时,非线性效应会越来越严重,棒状晶体激光器在高泵浦功率条件下,热效应会显著提升。这两类效应的存在直接限制了激光器在诸多领域的应用。针对光纤和棒状晶体增益介质存在的不足,作为两者结合体的新型激光介质单晶光纤,凭借优异的物理化学性能、良好的热管理特性、泵浦波导效应和高的受激布里渊散射阈值已经成为固体激光器领域的研究热点。本文结合课题组的研究工作,主要介绍了基于Nd∶YAG单晶光纤的单频连续波激光器的研究进展,并简要分析了其发展趋势。
中图分类号:
卫毅笑, 苏静, 卢华东, 彭堃墀. 基于单晶光纤的单频连续波激光器研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1044-1059.
WEI Yixiao, SU Jing, LU Huadong, PENG Kunchi. Research Progress of Single-Frequency Continuous-Wave Laser Based on Single-Crystal Fiber[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(7): 1044-1059.
图5 单晶光纤内激光的传输。(a)泵浦光传输模拟[44];(b)泵浦光与信号光传输示意图[45]
Fig.5 Laser propagation in single-crystal fiber. (a) Propagation simulation of pump laser[Reprinted] with permission from [44] ? Optical Society of America; (b) transmission schematic diagram of pump laser and signal laser[Adapted] with permission from [45] ? Optical Society of America
图7 60.4 W单晶光纤MOPA结构示意图[50]
Fig.7 Schematic diagram of 60.4 W single-crystal fiber MOPA structure[Reprinted] with permission from [50] ? Optica Publishing Group
图8 一级单晶光纤MOPA的输出结果,插图为两次放大后的光束轮廓和光束质量因子[50]
Fig.8 Output results of first stage single-crystal fiber MOPA, with inset showing beam profile and beam quality factors after two amplifications[Reprinted] with permission from [50] ? Optica Publishing Group
图9 二级单晶光纤MOPA的输出功率和萃取效率[50]
Fig.9 Output power and extraction efficiency of second stage single-crystal fiber MOPA[Reprinted] with permission from [50] ? Optica Publishing Group
图10 60.4 W 1 064 nm激光的横模特性[50]
Fig.10 Transverse-mode characteristic of 60.4 W 1 064 nm laser[Reprinted] with permission from [50] ? Optica Publishing Group
图11 208 W单晶光纤MOPA结构示意图[52]
Fig.11 Schematic diagram of 208 W single-crystal fiber MOPA structure[Reprinted] with permission from [52] ? Optica Publishing Group
图12 理论计算结果[52]。(a)注入的泵浦功率不同时,Mq2与种子光束腰半径的关系;(b)注入的泵浦功率不同时,单晶光纤内泵浦光与种子光之间的模式匹配效率与种子光束腰半径的关系
Fig.12 Theoretical calculation results[Reprinted] with permission from [52] ? Optica Publishing Group. (a) Relationship between Mq2 and seed laser waist radius for different incident pump powers; (b) relationship between mode-matching efficiency between pump laser and seed laser in single-crystal fiber and seed laser waist radius for different incident pump powers
图13 放大器的输出功率[52]。(a)总的输出功率;(b)线偏振激光的输出功率;(c)退偏振激光的输出功率
Fig.13 Output power of amplifier[Adapted] with permission from [52] ? Optica Publishing Group. (a) Total output power; (b) output power of linearly polarized laser; (c) output power of depolarization laser
图14 当种子光束腰半径为200 μm时,退偏振系数与注入泵浦功率的关系[52]
Fig.14 Dependence of depolarization coefficient on incident pump power for different seed powers when seed laser waist radius is 200 μm[Adapted] with permission from [52] ? Optica Publishing Group
图15 当种子光束腰半径为200 μm时,Mq2与相应的空间光束轮廓随着注入泵浦功率的变化[52]
Fig. 15 Variations of Mq2 and corresponding spatial beam profile with incident pump power when seed laser waist radius is 200 μm[Adapted] with permission from [52] ? Optica Publishing Group
图16 线偏振1 064 nm激光的横模特性[52]
Fig.16 Transverse-mode characteristic of linearly polarized 1 064 nm laser[Adapted] with permission from [52] ? Optica Publishing Group
图17 Nd∶YVO4-Nd∶YAG单晶光纤混合型激光器结构示意图[59]
Fig.17 Schematic diagram of Nd∶YVO4-Nd∶YAG single-crystal fiber hybrid laser structure[Reprinted] with permission from [59] ? Optica Publishing Group
图18 当P3-4分别为90、120和180 W时,四个激光晶体处的腔模尺寸与P1-2的关系[59]。(a) Nd1-2处的腔模尺寸;(b) SCF1-2处的腔模尺寸
Fig.18 Dependencies of cavity mode sizes at positions of four laser crystals on P1-2 when P3-4 are 90, 120 and 180 W[Reprinted] with permission from [59] ? Optica Publishing Group. (a) Cavity mode sizes at places of Nd1-2; (b) cavity mode sizes at places of SCF1-2
图19 输出功率与总的注入泵浦功率的关系[59]
Fig.19 Dependencies of output powers on total incident pump power[Reprinted] with permission from [59] ? Optica Publishing Group
图20 单频1 064 nm激光的横模特性[59]
Fig.20 Transverse-mode characteristic of single-frequency 1 064 nm laser[Reprinted] with permission from [59] ? Optica Publishing Group
| Year | Gain medium | Implementation method | Power/W | Beam quality factor | Linewidth | Power stability | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber | MOPA | 811 | 1.1 or 1.2 | <2 MHz | — | [ |
| 2020 | Nd∶YVO4 crystal | 195 | — | — | — | [ | |
| 2022 | Nd∶YAG single-crystal fiber | 60.4 | Mx2=1.51 My2=1.38 | 16.35 kHz | 0.97% (1 h) | [ | |
| 2024 | Nd∶YAG single-crystal fiber | 208 | Mx2=2.29 My2=1.92 | 158 kHz | ±1% (5 h) | [ | |
| 2021 | Nd∶YAG crystal | Single resonator | 55.6 | Mx2=1.11 My2=1.25 | 29 MHz | — | [ |
| 2023 | Nd∶YVO4 crystal | 140 | Mx2=1.23 My2=1.21 | 102 kHz | ±1.1% (5 h) | [ | |
| 2025 | Nd∶YVO4-Nd∶YAG single-crystal fiber | 120 | Mx2=1.34 My2=1.35 | 170 kHz | ±0.9% (4 h) | [ |
表1 高功率单频连续波1 064 nm激光器性能参数
Table 1 Performance parameters of high power single-frequency continuous-wave 1 064 nm lasers
| Year | Gain medium | Implementation method | Power/W | Beam quality factor | Linewidth | Power stability | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber | MOPA | 811 | 1.1 or 1.2 | <2 MHz | — | [ |
| 2020 | Nd∶YVO4 crystal | 195 | — | — | — | [ | |
| 2022 | Nd∶YAG single-crystal fiber | 60.4 | Mx2=1.51 My2=1.38 | 16.35 kHz | 0.97% (1 h) | [ | |
| 2024 | Nd∶YAG single-crystal fiber | 208 | Mx2=2.29 My2=1.92 | 158 kHz | ±1% (5 h) | [ | |
| 2021 | Nd∶YAG crystal | Single resonator | 55.6 | Mx2=1.11 My2=1.25 | 29 MHz | — | [ |
| 2023 | Nd∶YVO4 crystal | 140 | Mx2=1.23 My2=1.21 | 102 kHz | ±1.1% (5 h) | [ | |
| 2025 | Nd∶YVO4-Nd∶YAG single-crystal fiber | 120 | Mx2=1.34 My2=1.35 | 170 kHz | ±0.9% (4 h) | [ |
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