
人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1060-1083.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0059
罗哲雨1(
), 仝来源1, 张振荣1, 黄俊嘉2(
), 于洋3(
)
收稿日期:2026-04-07
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-08-04
通信作者:
黄俊嘉,工程师。E-mail:sandyjunjia@163.com;作者简介:罗哲雨(2000—),男,湖南省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:1204406690@qq.com基金资助:
LUO Zheyu1(
), TONG Laiyuan1, ZHANG Zhenrong1, HUANG Junjia2(
), YU Yang3(
)
Received:2026-04-07
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-08-04
摘要: 航空航天、核反应堆及深地勘探等极端环境对可靠性传感技术提出了严苛要求。传统石英基光纤在高温和强辐射下易发生结构衰退,而以蓝宝石、钇铝石榴石(YAG)为代表的单晶光纤凭借优异的物理化学稳定性,成为具有较大应用潜力的替代介质。本文梳理了面向极端环境的单晶光纤传感技术的研究进展:总结了激光加热基座法、微下拉法等主流单晶光纤生长技术的演进,并探讨了包层结构开发对模式控制的改善;深入剖析了以飞秒激光逐面刻写为代表的微结构原位加工技术在构建高质量光纤布拉格光栅等传感核心元件中的应用;回顾了单晶光纤传感器在超高温、强辐射及高压等极端工况下的监测实例。本文最后对单晶光纤传感技术在材料缺陷抑制、特种包层制备及信号解调抗干扰方面的未来演进路线进行了展望。
中图分类号:
罗哲雨, 仝来源, 张振荣, 黄俊嘉, 于洋. 面向极端环境的单晶光纤传感技术研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1060-1083.
LUO Zheyu, TONG Laiyuan, ZHANG Zhenrong, HUANG Junjia, YU Yang. Research Progress of Single-Crystal Optical Fiber Sensing Technology for Extreme Environments[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2026, 55(7): 1060-1083.
| Crystal | Crystal structure | Melting point/℃ | Refractive index | Thermal expansion coefficient/(10-6 K-1) | Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al2O3 | 三方晶系 | 2 045 | 1.760~1.768 | 5.3~7.7 | 高温强度高;抗辐射损伤能力强;存在本征双折射 |
| YAG | 立方晶系 | 1 970 | 1.82~1.83 | 7.8 | 结构各向同性;稀土离子掺杂适应性强 |
| Spinel | 立方晶系 | 2 135 | 1.71~1.72 | 7.4~7.9 | 透光波段宽;抗热震性好;抗中子辐照能力强 |
| ZrO2 | 立方晶系 | 2 780 | 2.15~2.18 | 10.3 | 熔点高;热化学稳定性好;适用于超高温及耐火环境 |
| LiNbO3 | 三方晶系 | 1 250 | 2.214~2.300 | 4.1~15.4 | 电光与压电效应强;适用于极端电磁场传感 |
| LuAG | 立方晶系 | 2 020 | 1.83~1.84 | 8.8 | 晶体密度大;对X射线/伽马射线阻止能力强 |
表1 单晶光纤基质材料的性能参数
Table 1 Performance parameters of single-crystal optical fiber host materials
| Crystal | Crystal structure | Melting point/℃ | Refractive index | Thermal expansion coefficient/(10-6 K-1) | Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al2O3 | 三方晶系 | 2 045 | 1.760~1.768 | 5.3~7.7 | 高温强度高;抗辐射损伤能力强;存在本征双折射 |
| YAG | 立方晶系 | 1 970 | 1.82~1.83 | 7.8 | 结构各向同性;稀土离子掺杂适应性强 |
| Spinel | 立方晶系 | 2 135 | 1.71~1.72 | 7.4~7.9 | 透光波段宽;抗热震性好;抗中子辐照能力强 |
| ZrO2 | 立方晶系 | 2 780 | 2.15~2.18 | 10.3 | 熔点高;热化学稳定性好;适用于超高温及耐火环境 |
| LiNbO3 | 三方晶系 | 1 250 | 2.214~2.300 | 4.1~15.4 | 电光与压电效应强;适用于极端电磁场传感 |
| LuAG | 立方晶系 | 2 020 | 1.83~1.84 | 8.8 | 晶体密度大;对X射线/伽马射线阻止能力强 |
图1 (a)传感器结构原理图;(b)蓝宝石毛细管侧视显微图;(c)通孔显微图;(d)传感器实物照片;(e)传感器封装图[28]
Fig.1 (a) Schematic diagram of the sensor; (b) side view micrograph of the sapphire capillary; (c) micrograph of the through hole; (d) photograph of the sensor; (e) encapsulation of the sensor[28]
图3 (a)部分结晶蓝宝石衍生光纤FPI示意图;(b)传感器显微图像[40]
Fig.3 (a) Scheme diagram of the partly crystallization-sapphire derived fiber FPI; (b) microscopic image of the sensor[40]
图4 (a)采用惰性气体密封传感器的实验装置(GPC:气压控制器;PU:聚氨酯);(b)解调系统示意图[41]
Fig.4 (a) Experimental setup for sealing the sensor with inert gas (GPC: gas pressure controller; PU: polyurethane);(b) scheme for the demodulation system[41]
图8 使用532、783和983?nm的激光波长,在不同光纤直径下进行了远场测量。当蓝宝石光纤直径为6.5?μm时,低阶模式变得清晰可见,并且当光注入角度改变15°时,测量结果保持一致[57]
Fig.8 Far-field measurements were taken at varying diameters using laser wavelengths of 532, 783, and 983?nm. Low-order modes became visible at a sapphire fiber diameter of 6.5?μm, and measurements were consistent when the light injection angle was altered by 15°[57]
图9 使用混合生长法生长的另一根包层蓝宝石晶体(Ti∶Al2O3/Al2O3)光纤的透射端面视图[58]
Fig.9 Transmission end view of another clad crystalline sapphire (Ti∶Al2O3/Al2O3) fiber grown using the hybrid growth method[58]
图10 所制备SFBG的显微图像[67]。(a)横截面图;(b)俯视图;(c)侧视图
Fig.10 Microscope images of the fabricated SFBG[67]. (a) Cross-sectional view; (b) top view; (c) lateral view
| Inscription technique | Typical reflectivity | Typical linewidth (3 dB bandwidth) | Processing time and inscription efficiency | Applications and technical characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 逐点法(PbP) | 低至中等 | 较宽 | 高 | 快速制备;调制区小;损耗较高 |
| 逐线法(LbL) | 中等 | 适中 | 中等 | 覆盖面积增加;低损耗;适合切趾光栅 |
| 逐面法(Pl-b-Pl) | 较高 | 较窄 | 较慢 | 截面覆盖高;模式对称性好;适合大芯径/多模光纤 |
表2 飞秒激光不同空间维度刻写技术性能对比
Table 2 Performance comparison of femtosecond laser inscription techniques across different spatial dimensions
| Inscription technique | Typical reflectivity | Typical linewidth (3 dB bandwidth) | Processing time and inscription efficiency | Applications and technical characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 逐点法(PbP) | 低至中等 | 较宽 | 高 | 快速制备;调制区小;损耗较高 |
| 逐线法(LbL) | 中等 | 适中 | 中等 | 覆盖面积增加;低损耗;适合切趾光栅 |
| 逐面法(Pl-b-Pl) | 较高 | 较窄 | 较慢 | 截面覆盖高;模式对称性好;适合大芯径/多模光纤 |
图13 飞秒激光系统及采用逐行扫描法制备的SFBG示意图,图中红色虚线框内的显微照片展示了多模光纤(MMF)与蓝宝石光纤的熔接接头,以及呈30°抛光端面的蓝宝石光纤[78]
Fig.13 Provides a schematic representation of the fs-laser system and the proposed SFBGs fabricated through the line-by-line scanning method, the red dashed boxes within the figure draw attention to micrographs showcasing the splice joint between the MMF and sapphire fiber, as well as featuring 30°polished end facet of the sapphire fiber[78]
图16 (a)全蓝宝石FP传感头示意图[81];(b)基于蓝宝石的光纤EFPI传感器示意图[82]
Fig.16 (a) Schematic diagram of all sapphire FP sensor heads[81]; (b) schematic diagram of the sapphire based fiber-optic EFPI sensor[82]
图17 (a) MFPTP的示意图;(b)光束通过微球透镜光纤传输的示意图;(c)用于温度和压力的双FP腔偏转(形变)模型[83]
Fig.17 (a) Schematic diagram of the MFPTP; (b) schematic of beam propagation through a microsphere-lensed fiber; (c) model of dual-FP-cavity deflection for temperature and pressure[83]
图18 蓝宝石光纤振动传感器[84]。(a)结构示意图;(b)实物布局;(c)陶瓷底座;(d)陶瓷板;(e)陶瓷组件
Fig.18 Sapphire optical fiber vibration sensor[84]. (a) Configuration; (b) physical layout; (c) ceramic base; (d) ceramic plate; (e) ceramic assembly
图21 (a)不同位置处STE+F++AD和Ce3+的积分辐射发光峰强度;(b)初始区域的积分辐射发光峰强度,“U-R”代表均匀区,“I-R”代表初始区,“T-R”代表传输区[88]
Fig.21 (a) Integrated radioluminescence peaks intensity of STE+F++AD and Ce3+ at different positions; (b) integrated radioluminescence peak intensity in the initial region; “U-R”, uniform region;“I-R”, initial region; “T-R”, transmission region[88]
| Research team | Sensor type and core mechanism | Maximum operating/Calibration temperature | Sensitivity or accuracy of parameters (Strain/pressure/acceleration, etc.) | Continuous operation/stability test duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li等[ | SFBG斜端面降反射 | 1 100 ℃ | 1.6 | 4 h |
| He等[ | 充Ar封装SFBG+梯度退火 | 1 800 ℃ | 41.2 | 1 600 ℃稳定20 h |
| Yang等[ | WDM-SFBG阵列+管套管封装 | 1 000 ℃ | 26.3 | 燃煤锅炉42 d;燃气锅炉48 d |
| Alla等[ | 级联SFBG+电子多模扰相 | 1 612 ℃ | 热漂移在±2 ℃以内 | 陶瓷炉22 h;钢水浸入30 min |
| Mumtaz等[ | 三级联SFBG+多模扰相 | 1 600 ℃ | 温度波动±1 ℃ | 1 600 ℃连续24 h |
| Mumtaz等[ | 重合a-SFBG/p-SFBG双参量解耦 | 1 600 ℃ | a-SFBG:0.4 p-SFBG:1.8 | 24 h(承受1 000 |
| Eisermann等[ | S-FBG/热辐射/热电偶混合传感 | 1 600 ℃ | 长期服役后漂移小于0.5 ℃ | 超3周(连续约500 h),覆盖25个工业硅凝固生产周期 |
| Wang等[ | 多节点蓝宝石超声温度传感 | 1 600 ℃(标定);740 ℃(铝液) | 动态测温误差小于1 ℃ | 55.65 s达热平衡,未明确长周期具体时长 |
| Shao等[ | 全蓝宝石FP压力传感器 | 1 200 ℃ | 约25 | 稳定运行 |
| Liao等[ | 双FP腔EFPI+温度补偿 | 1 500 ℃ | 压力精度0.86%F.S. | 重复性误差1.73%F.S.;未给出长时数据 |
| Liu等[ | MgO双FP复合腔+温度解耦 | 800 ℃ | 约0.20 2.01%F.S. | 0.5 MPa静态标定;未给出长效数据 |
| Cui等[ | 蓝宝石光纤高温振动传感 | 1 500 ℃ | 20.91 | 0~10 g线性标定;未测长效 |
| Liu等[ | YAG拉曼DTS+2D图像复原/NLM去噪算法 | 1 400 ℃ | 单毫秒平均温度标准差降至7.89 ℃;1 s采集分辨率0.62 ℃ | 毫秒级动态响应验证 |
表3 单晶光纤传感器在极端环境下的应用性能对比
Table 3 Performance comparison of single-crystal optical fiber sensors in extreme environments
| Research team | Sensor type and core mechanism | Maximum operating/Calibration temperature | Sensitivity or accuracy of parameters (Strain/pressure/acceleration, etc.) | Continuous operation/stability test duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li等[ | SFBG斜端面降反射 | 1 100 ℃ | 1.6 | 4 h |
| He等[ | 充Ar封装SFBG+梯度退火 | 1 800 ℃ | 41.2 | 1 600 ℃稳定20 h |
| Yang等[ | WDM-SFBG阵列+管套管封装 | 1 000 ℃ | 26.3 | 燃煤锅炉42 d;燃气锅炉48 d |
| Alla等[ | 级联SFBG+电子多模扰相 | 1 612 ℃ | 热漂移在±2 ℃以内 | 陶瓷炉22 h;钢水浸入30 min |
| Mumtaz等[ | 三级联SFBG+多模扰相 | 1 600 ℃ | 温度波动±1 ℃ | 1 600 ℃连续24 h |
| Mumtaz等[ | 重合a-SFBG/p-SFBG双参量解耦 | 1 600 ℃ | a-SFBG:0.4 p-SFBG:1.8 | 24 h(承受1 000 |
| Eisermann等[ | S-FBG/热辐射/热电偶混合传感 | 1 600 ℃ | 长期服役后漂移小于0.5 ℃ | 超3周(连续约500 h),覆盖25个工业硅凝固生产周期 |
| Wang等[ | 多节点蓝宝石超声温度传感 | 1 600 ℃(标定);740 ℃(铝液) | 动态测温误差小于1 ℃ | 55.65 s达热平衡,未明确长周期具体时长 |
| Shao等[ | 全蓝宝石FP压力传感器 | 1 200 ℃ | 约25 | 稳定运行 |
| Liao等[ | 双FP腔EFPI+温度补偿 | 1 500 ℃ | 压力精度0.86%F.S. | 重复性误差1.73%F.S.;未给出长时数据 |
| Liu等[ | MgO双FP复合腔+温度解耦 | 800 ℃ | 约0.20 2.01%F.S. | 0.5 MPa静态标定;未给出长效数据 |
| Cui等[ | 蓝宝石光纤高温振动传感 | 1 500 ℃ | 20.91 | 0~10 g线性标定;未测长效 |
| Liu等[ | YAG拉曼DTS+2D图像复原/NLM去噪算法 | 1 400 ℃ | 单毫秒平均温度标准差降至7.89 ℃;1 s采集分辨率0.62 ℃ | 毫秒级动态响应验证 |
| [1] |
ZHANG Q W, LIU Y, LI H F, et al. A review of SiC sensor applications in high-temperature and radiation extreme environments[J]. Sensors, 2024, 24(23): 7731.
DOI URL |
| [2] |
ROVERA A, TANCAU A, BOETTI N, et al. Fiber optic sensors for harsh and high radiation environments in aerospace applications[J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(5): 2512.
DOI URL |
| [3] | 杨杭洲, 刘 鑫, 南朋玉, 等. 光纤高温应变传感器研究进展[J]. 光子学报, 2022, 51(10): 1006002. |
|
YANG H Z, LIU X, NAN P Y, et al. Progress in research of optical fiber high temperature and strain sensor[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2022, 51(10): 1006002 (in Chinese).
DOI URL |
|
| [4] | BORZYCKI K, JAWORSKI M, KOSSEK T. High temperature effects in fused silica optical fibers[J]. Journal of Telecommunictions and Information Technology, 2021, 3(2021): 56-71. |
| [5] |
BAO Y, CHEN G D. High-temperature measurement with Brillouin optical time domain analysis of an annealed fused-silica single-mode fiber[J]. Optics Letters, 2016, 41(14): 3177-3180.
DOI PMID |
| [6] | WARREN-SMITH S C, NGUYEN L V, EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM H, et al. High temperature sensing with single material silica optical fibers[C/OL]//CHUNG Y, JIN W, LEE B, et al. 25th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors. Jeju, Korea, Republic of, 2017: 103233M [2026-04-07]. http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx doi=10.1117/12.2265205. |
| [7] |
ONO M, AOYAMA S, FUJINAMI M, et al. Significant suppression of Rayleigh scattering loss in silica glass formed by the compression of its melted phase[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(7): 7942.
DOI PMID |
| [8] |
MAXWELL G, PONTING B, GEBREMICHAEL E, et al. Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth[J]. Crystals, 2017, 7(1): 12.
DOI URL |
| [9] |
WANG T, ZHANG J, ZHANG N, et al. Single crystal fibers: diversified functional crystal material[J]. Advanced Fiber Materials, 2019, 1(3): 163-187.
DOI |
| [10] | BURIC M, LIU B, HUANG S, et al. Modified single crystal fibers for distributed sensing applications[C/OL]//BALDWIN C S, PICKRELL G, DU H H. SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging. Anaheim, California, United States, 2017: 102080C [2026-04-07]. http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx doi=10.1117/12.2262992. |
| [11] |
KEFER S, ZETTL J, ESEN C, et al. Femtosecond laser-based micromachining of rotational-symmetric sapphire workpieces[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(18): 6233.
DOI URL |
| [12] |
LIU H, JIA P G, SU C X, et al. High-temperature fiber-optic Fabry-Perot vibration sensor based on single-crystal sapphire[J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(10): 4952.
DOI URL |
| [13] |
HE J, LI Z D, XU X Z, et al. High-temperature strain sensor based on sapphire fiber Bragg grating[J]. Optics Letters, 2024, 49(3): 446-449.
DOI PMID |
| [14] |
GUO Q, JIA Z X, PAN X P, et al. Sapphire-derived fiber Bragg gratings for high temperature sensing[J]. Crystals, 2021, 11(8): 946.
DOI URL |
| [15] |
WANG M H, SALTER P S, PAYNE F P, et al. Single-mode sapphire fiber Bragg grating[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(9): 15482.
DOI PMID |
| [16] |
SHI G N, SHURTZ R, PICKRELL G, et al. Point-by-point inscribed sapphire parallel fiber Bragg gratings in a fully multimode system for multiplexed high-temperature sensing[J]. Optics Letters, 2022, 47(18): 4724-4727.
DOI PMID |
| [17] |
XIAO H, DENG J D, PICKRELL G, et al. Single-crystal sapphire fiber-based strain sensor for high-temperature applications[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2003, 21(10): 2276-2283.
DOI URL |
| [18] |
MIHAILOV S J, GROBNIC D, SMELSER C W. High-temperature multiparameter sensor based on sapphire fiber Bragg gratings[J]. Optics Letters, 2010, 35(16): 2810-2812.
DOI PMID |
| [19] |
SHEN Y H, TONG L M, WANG Y Q, et al. Sapphire-fiber thermometer ranging from 20 to 1800 ℃[J]. Applied Optics, 1999, 38(7): 1139-1143.
DOI URL |
| [20] | YE L H, ZHANG J F, SHI Y. Growth and characteristics of Cr3+∶YAG crystal fiber for fluorescence decay temperature sensor[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2006, 77(5): 054901. |
| [21] |
GUO Y Q, XIA W, HU Z Z, et al. High-temperature sensor instrumentation with a thin-film-based sapphire fiber[J]. Applied Optics, 2017, 56(8): 2068-2073.
DOI URL |
| [22] |
WANG A B, WANG G Z, MURPHY K A, et al. Birefringence-balanced polarimetric optical fiber sensor for high-temperature measurements[J]. Optics Letters, 1992, 17(19): 1391-1393.
PMID |
| [23] |
PENG W. High-temperature fiber optic cubic-zirconia pressure sensor[J]. Optical Engineering, 2005, 44(12): 124402.
DOI URL |
| [24] | WU D, KABIR M, CHOU K T, et al. Growth of multifunctional electro-optic Yb∶LiNbO3 crystalline fibers by laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method[C/OL]//YIN S, GUO R. Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications XVIII. San Diego, United States: SPIE, 2024: 10 [2026-02-09]. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/13140/3027561/Growth-of-multifunctional-electro-optic-Yb-LiNbO3-crystalline-fibers-by/10.1117/12.3027561.full. |
| [25] |
CHEN N, ZHANG X B, ZHANG Q, et al. Ultrasensitive all-fiber microphone with in-line beam and 45° tilted optical fiber fabricated by laser micromachining[J]. Optics Express, 2025, 33(26): 54257.
DOI URL |
| [26] |
GAO S, LIU Y, YANG J, et al. Ultracompact Fabry-Perot interferometer based on femtosecond laser-assisted wet etching for high-temperature sensing[J]. Optics Express, 2025, 33(12): 24350.
DOI URL |
| [27] |
ZHU Y Z, WANG A B. Surface-mount sapphire interferometric temperature sensor[J]. Applied Optics, 2006, 45(24): 6071-6076.
PMID |
| [28] |
ZHANG Y T, JIANG Y, YANG S W, et al. All-sapphire fiber-optic sensor for the simultaneous measurement of ultra-high temperature and high pressure[J]. Optics Express, 2024, 32(8): 14826.
DOI PMID |
| [29] |
ZHAO S, JIANG Y, DENG H, et al. High sensitivity all-sapphire fiber diaphragm-based extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric pressure sensor for ultra-high temperature environments[J]. Optics Express, 2025, 33(18): 37322.
DOI URL |
| [30] |
GUO K K, WU H, LIANG Y H, et al. Highly birefringent FBG based on femtosecond laser-induced cladding stress region for temperature and strain decoupling[J]. Photonics, 2025, 12(5): 502.
DOI URL |
| [31] |
ACETI P, CALERVO L, BETTINI P, et al. Measurement and decoupling of hygrothermal-mechanical effects with optical fibers: development of a new fiber Bragg grating sensor[J]. Sensors, 2025, 25(4): 1037.
DOI URL |
| [32] |
HUANG Q S, TANG Y, ZHANG Y M, et al. Strain and temperature cross-sensitivity decoupling method via a single glass fiber-reinforced polymer encapsulated chirped fiber Bragg grating[J]. Optics Express, 2026, 34(2): 2901.
DOI URL |
| [33] |
WANG Z C, XU W J, WANG L N, et al. High-temperature stability and demodulation techniques analysis of sapphire fiber Bragg grating sensor[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2025, 43(5): 2312-2320.
DOI URL |
| [34] |
MIHAILOV S J. Fiber Bragg grating sensors for harsh environments[J]. Sensors, 2012, 12(2): 1898-1918.
DOI PMID |
| [35] | HE J, LI Z, QIN Z, et al. Etched single-crystal sapphire fiber Bragg gratings for simultaneous temperature and strain sensing at 1 500 ℃[C/OL]//LOPEZ-AMO SAINZ M, SANTOS J L, SUN T. 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors. Porto, Portugal: SPIE, 2025: 487 [2026-03-07]. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/13639/3062888/Etched-single-crystal-sapphire-fiber-Bragg-gratings-for-simultaneous-temperature/10.1117/12.3062888.full. |
| [36] |
MA S N, XU Y P, PANG Y X, et al. Optical fiber sensors for high-temperature monitoring: a review[J]. Sensors, 2022, 22(15): 5722.
DOI URL |
| [37] | 刘铁根, 于 迅, 王 双, 等. 高温环境下光纤法布里-珀罗微腔传感技术研究进展[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2021, 58(13): 1306002. |
| LIU T G, YU X, WANG S, et al. Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot sensing technology in high-temperature environments: a review[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(13): 1306002 (in Chinese). | |
| [38] |
ZHU K S, ZHOU H L, QIU J R, et al. Optical temperature sensing characteristics of Sm3+ doped YAG single crystal fiber based on luminescence emission[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 890: 161844.
DOI URL |
| [39] |
ZHU K S, ZHOU H L, WANG J, et al. Optical temperature sensing characteristics of Yb3+/Nd3+ co-doped YAG single crystal fiber based on up-conversion luminescence[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 2024, 267: 120347.
DOI URL |
| [40] |
ZHANG P H, ZHANG L, MOURELATOS Z P, et al. Crystallization-sapphire-derived-fiber-based Fabry-Perot interferometer for refractive index and high-temperature measurement[J]. Applied Optics, 2018, 57(30): 9016-9021.
DOI URL |
| [41] |
CHEN X, ZHANG J D, JIANG J F, et al. Direct-bonding sapphire fiber microcavity sensor for ultra-high-temperature measurement[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2026, 44(5): 1993-2001.
DOI URL |
| [42] |
LI R, LIU X M, CHEN Y R, et al. Ultra-high sensitivity microwave-photonic sapphire fiber Fabry-Perot interferometry based on the Vernier effect[J]. Optics Express, 2023, 31(15): 25047.
DOI PMID |
| [43] | MUMTAZ F, TEKLE H, ZHANG B, et al. Distributed sapphire fiber sensors for steel-making industrial applications[C/OL]//SANDERS G A, LIEBERMAN R A, BURIC M P. Optical Waveguide and Laser Sensors III. National Harbor, United States: SPIE, 2024: 6[2026-03-11]. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/13044/3014035/Distributed-sapphire-fiber-sensors-for-steel-making-industrial-applications/10.1117/12.3014035.full. |
| [44] |
TAN Q M, UNIVERSITY S, LI Z D, et al. Sapphire fiber Bragg gratings array demodulated with the multi-peak auto-tracking algorithm for quasi-distributed high-temperature measurement[J]. Optics Express, 2025, 33(1): 414.
DOI PMID |
| [45] | WUENSCHELL J K, BERA S, LIM G, et al. Development of a single crystal fiber probe for Raman distributed temperature sensing above 1 000 ℃[C/OL]//SOSKIND Y, BUSSE L E. Photonic Instrumentation Engineering IX. San Francisco, United States: SPIE, 2022: 45 [2026-03-11]. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12008/2610352/Development-of-a-single-crystal-fiber-probe-for-Raman-distributed/10.1117/12.2610352.full. |
| [46] | LIU X, CAI K D, GUO S Q, et al. Physical model-assisted hybrid neural network enabling high spatial resolution distributed high-temperature sensing with single-crystal fiber[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2025, 74: 7009912. |
| [47] |
XU Y, WANG R L, XUE X H, et al. High spatial resolution Raman distributed fiber sensing based on neural network dispersion compensation[J]. Optics Express, 2025, 33(15): 31139.
DOI URL |
| [48] |
YAN Z H, DU B, LI Z D, et al. High-resolution Raman-OTDR distributed temperature sensors based on fast-non local means denoising algorithm[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2025, 43(19): 9465-9473.
DOI URL |
| [49] |
NEHARI A, DUFFAR T, GHEZAL E A, et al. Chemical segregation of titanium in sapphire single crystals grown by micro-pulling-down technique: analytical model and experiments[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2014, 14(12): 6492-6496.
DOI URL |
| [50] | BERA S, LIU B, WUENSCHELL J K, et al. Fabrication and evaluation of sapphire fiber cladding via magnesium aluminate spinel sol-gel based approaches[C/OL]//SANDERS G A, LIEBERMAN R A, SCHEEL I U. Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XVI. Baltimore, United States: SPIE, 2019: 19 [2026-04-04]. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/11000/2518506/Fabrication-and-evaluation-of-sapphire-fiber-cladding-via-magnesium-aluminate/10.1117/12.2518506.full. |
| [51] |
DING J M, MENG F C, ZHAO X T, et al. All-solid anti-resonant single crystal fibers[J]. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2022, 15(1): 3.
DOI |
| [52] |
LIU B, OHODNICKI P R. Fabrication and application of single crystal fiber: review and prospective[J]. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2021, 6(9): 2100125.
DOI URL |
| [53] |
WANG A Y, ZHANG J, YE S, et al. Optimized growth and laser application of Yb∶LuAG single-crystal fibers by micro-pulling-down technique[J]. Crystals, 2021, 11(2): 78.
DOI URL |
| [54] |
CAMPOS R V B, HERNANDES A C, BORISKINA S V, et al. High-performance piezoelectric generator based on a monocrystalline LiNbO3 fiber[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2025, 25(3): 672-679.
DOI URL |
| [55] |
GAO X B, WANG S C, LIU B, et al. Machine learning enhanced single crystal fiber fabrication via laser heated pedestal growth[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2025, 37(18): 1017-1020.
DOI URL |
| [56] | CHEN H, BURIC M, OHODNICKI P R, et al. Review and perspective: sapphire optical fiber cladding development for harsh environment sensing[J]. Applied Physics Reviews, 2018, 5: 011102. |
| [57] |
HILL C, HOMA D, YU Z H, et al. Single mode air-clad single crystal sapphire optical fiber[J]. Applied Sciences, 2017, 7(5): 473.
DOI URL |
| [58] |
KABIR M A, WU K C, CHOU K T, et al. Hybrid growth of clad crystalline sapphire fibers for ultra-high-temperature (>1500 ℃) fiber optic sensors[J]. Photonics, 2025, 12(4): 299.
DOI URL |
| [59] |
HILL C, HOMA D, LIU B, et al. Submicron diameter single crystal sapphire optical fiber[J]. Materials Letters, 2015, 138: 71-73.
DOI URL |
| [60] |
YANG S, HOMA D, PICKRELL G, et al. Fiber Bragg grating fabricated in micro-single-crystal sapphire fiber[J]. Optics Letters, 2018, 43(1): 62-65.
DOI PMID |
| [61] |
WANG T, LIU L, WU Y F, et al. Anisotropic growth and characterizations of large length-diameter ratio sapphire fibers via laser-heated pedestal growth technique[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2023, 620: 127363.
DOI URL |
| [62] |
WANG T, GUO Q, ZHANG J, et al. Size-unlimited sapphire single-crystal fiber growth and the anisotropic & size-dependent mechanical and thermometry performance[J]. CrystEngComm, 2024, 26(40): 5726-5733.
DOI URL |
| [63] |
GUO Q, LIU S R, PAN X P, et al. Femtosecond laser inscribed helical sapphire fiber Bragg gratings[J]. Optics Letters, 2021, 46(19): 4836-4839.
DOI PMID |
| [64] | HE J, XU X, HE J, et al. Single-mode helical sapphire fiber Bragg grating sensors fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing technology[C/OL]//LOPEZ-AMO SAINZ M, SANTOS J L, SUN T. 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors. Porto, Portugal: SPIE, 2025: 479 [2026-04-04]. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/13639/3062877/Single-mode-helical-sapphire-fiber-Bragg-grating-sensors-fabricated-by/10.1117/12.3062877.full. |
| [65] |
MIHAILOV S J, GROBNIC D, HNATOVSKY C, et al. Extreme environment sensing using femtosecond laser-inscribed fiber Bragg gratings[J]. Sensors, 2017, 17(12): 2909.
DOI URL |
| [66] |
XU X Z, HE J, LIAO C R, et al. Sapphire fiber Bragg gratings inscribed with a femtosecond laser line-by-line scanning technique[J]. Optics Letters, 2018, 43(19): 4562-4565.
DOI PMID |
| [67] | WU J, HE J, XU X, et al. Femtosecond laser plane-by-plane inscription of high-quality fiber Bragg gratings[C/OL]// 2023 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference/2023 International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings (ACP/POEM). Wuhan, China: IEEE, 2023: 1-3 [2026-02-07]. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10369278/. |
| [68] |
MUMTAZ F, TEKLE H, ZHANG B H, et al. Boosting SNR of cascaded FBGs in a sapphire fiber through a rapid heat treatment[J]. Optics Letters, 2023, 48(21): 5703-5706.
DOI PMID |
| [69] |
LIU X, ZHANG Z K, WANG J X, et al. Future development directions of high-temperature strain gauges: a comprehensive review of structure and performance characteristics[J]. Nanoscale Advances, 2025, 7(14): 4232-4251.
DOI URL |
| [70] |
CONTANGELO R, FERRO C G, BAGNASCO A, et al. Preliminary thermo-mechanical evaluation of fiber Bragg grating sensors for structural monitoring: toward application in generation IV nuclear reactors[J]. Micromachines, 2025, 16(11): 1204.
DOI URL |
| [71] | WILLSCH M, BOSSELMANN T, FLOHR P, et al. Design of fiber optical high temperature sensors for gas turbine monitoring[C/OL]//JONES J D C. 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors. Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2009: 75037R [2026-03-16]. http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx doi=10.1117/12.835875. |
| [72] | LI Z, HE J, XU X, et al. A sapphire fiber Bragg grating strain sensor operating in high temperature environment[C/OL]// YANG Y. Fourteenth International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2023. Xi’an, China: SPIE, 2023: 279 [2026-03-16]. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12935/3008137/A-sapphire-fiber-Bragg-grating-strain-sensor-operating-in-high/10.1117/12.3008137.full. |
| [73] |
HE J, XU X Z, CHEN R X, et al. Femtosecond laser direct writing of fiber Bragg gratings for multiparameter sensing in extreme environments[J]. APL Photonics, 2025, 10(12): 120902.
DOI URL |
| [74] | HE J, XU X Z, DU B, et al. Stabilized ultra-high-temperature sensors based on inert gas-sealed sapphire fiber Bragg gratings[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(10): 12359-12366. |
| [75] |
YANG S, HOMA D, HEYL H, et al. Application of sapphire-fiber-Bragg-grating-based multi-point temperature sensor in boilers at a commercial power plant[J]. Sensors, 2019, 19(14): 3211.
DOI URL |
| [76] | ALLA D R, NEELAKANDAN D P, MUMTAZ F, et al. Cascaded sapphire fiber Bragg gratings inscribed by femtosecond laser for molten steel studies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2024, 73: 7000608. |
| [77] | MUMTAZ F, TEKLE H W, ZHANG B H, et al. Distributed sapphire fiber Bragg grating-based thermal profiling of submerged entry nozzles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2025, 74: 9530112. |
| [78] | MUMTAZ F, ZHANG B H, DEY K, et al. Discrimination of temperature and strain by characterizing two femtosecond laser-written coincident sapphire fiber Bragg gratings for harsh environment applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2025, 74: 7004309. |
| [79] |
EISERMANN R, KRENEK S, HABISREUTHER T, et al. Metrological characterization of a high-temperature hybrid sensor using thermal radiation and calibrated sapphire fiber Bragg grating for process monitoring in harsh environments[J]. Sensors, 2022, 22(3): 1034.
DOI URL |
| [80] |
WANG G, QIAN C Y, SUN P, et al. A liquid metal temperature detection system based on multi-node sapphire fiber sensor[J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(9): 4318.
DOI URL |
| [81] |
SHAO Z Q, WU Y L, WANG S, et al. All-sapphire fiber-optic pressure sensors for extreme harsh environments[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(3): 3665.
DOI PMID |
| [82] |
LIAO Y K, LIU J, DAI Y T, et al. Temperature-compensated fiber-optic Fabry-Perot pressure sensor based on sapphire MEMS technology for high temperature environment up to 1 500 ℃[J]. Optics Express, 2025, 33(9): 19453.
DOI URL |
| [83] |
LIU J, ZHANG L, WANG Z Y, et al. Extreme dual-parameter optical fiber sensor composed of MgO Fabry-Perot composite cavities for simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure[J]. Applied Sciences, 2025, 15(16): 8891.
DOI URL |
| [84] |
CUI Y, JIANG Y, ZHANG Y T, et al. Sapphire optical fiber high-temperature vibration sensor[J]. Optics Express, 2022, 30(2): 1056.
DOI PMID |
| [85] |
LIU X, JIE R M, BERA S, et al. High-speed and high-resolution YAG fiber based distributed high temperature sensing system empowered by a 2D image restoration algorithm[J]. Optics Express, 2023, 31(4): 6170.
DOI PMID |
| [86] |
ZHANG J, XIANG Y D, WANG C, et al. Recent advances in optical fiber enabled radiation sensors[J]. Sensors, 2022, 22(3): 1126.
DOI URL |
| [87] |
PETRIE C M, BIRRI A, BLUE T E. Optical transmission and dimensional stability of single-crystal sapphire after high-dose neutron irradiation at various temperatures up to 688 ℃[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2022, 559: 153432.
DOI URL |
| [88] |
WANG X B, LI X, DENG M X, et al. A couple-free structured LuAG: Ce-LuAG scintillating single crystal fiber grown by a laser-heated pedestal growth method[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2024, 24(8): 3333-3341.
DOI URL |
| [1] | 谭俊成, 林可, 张沛雄, 陈振强. 镝铝石榴石单晶光纤生长与性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1120-1126. |
| [2] | 代馨楠, 王涛, 国旗, 张健, 于永森, 贾志泰, 陶绪堂. 高长径比Lu2O3单晶光纤制备及布拉格光栅温度传感研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1093-1099. |
| [3] | 王思超, 高悉宝, 郝星越, 汤祺隆, 王晴岚, 刘波. 基于多物理场仿真的激光加热基座法单晶光纤生长工艺研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1111-1119. |
| [4] | 马晓斐, 朱祥飞, 张明记, 高晨心, 王涛, 张健, 贾志泰, 王泽锋. Tm∶CaGdAlO4单晶光纤的生长及激光性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1100-1110. |
| [5] | 李倩华, 王涛, 李锦烁, 国旗, 张健, 贾志泰, 于永森. 镁铝尖晶石单晶光纤光栅的制备及超高温传感特性研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1127-1134. |
| [6] | 卫毅笑, 苏静, 卢华东, 彭堃墀. 基于单晶光纤的单频连续波激光器研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1044-1059. |
| [7] | 李乾, 周峰, 刘显明, 雷小华, 章鹏, 许亨艺. 蓝宝石单晶光纤包层化技术的演进与前瞻[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 1022-1043. |
| [8] | 王正敏, 王涛, 张洋, 张健, 陶绪堂, 贾志泰. 单晶光纤生长技术研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(7): 983-1004. |
| [9] | 王旭, 姜澜, 王小翔, 王庆国, 王德勇, 贾健. 大尺寸氟化钙晶体的基础性能表征[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(6): 851-857. |
| [10] | 张敏, 姜永京, 肖继宗, 谢胜杰, 刘南柳, 王琦, 童玉珍, 张国义, 王新强, 刘强. 微量锂金属诱导氮化镓外延层与蓝宝石衬底完整自分离研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(4): 603-608. |
| [11] | 宋剑, 岳中杰, 乔晓杰, 翟仲军, 张国栋, 陶绪堂. 卤化亚汞晶体及其在红外偏光/声光与核辐射探测器件中的应用[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(3): 331-339. |
| [12] | 吕搏闻, 武珈羽, 张晗旭, 朱森寅, 张伶莉, 张宇民, 王先杰, 宋波. 基于多物理场仿真的YIG薄膜液相外延生长工艺优化的研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(1): 29-36. |
| [13] | 姚志远, 阳禹辉, 左彪. TCTA薄膜多晶型结构与晶体生长动力学[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(1): 37-45. |
| [14] | 汪晨, 张家玮, 张华利, 周声浪, 刘龙鑫, 姜正元, 张俊, 刘坚, 徐晓东, 徐军. Yb∶YAP单晶光纤的生长及光谱性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(1): 46-51. |
| [15] | 李明, 叶浩函, 王琤, 沈典宇, 王芸霞, 王嘉君, 夏宁, 张辉, 杨德仁. 垂直布里奇曼法生长4英寸Fe掺杂(010) β -氧化镓及其性能表征[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2026, 55(1): 52-57. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
E-mail Alert
RSS