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人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1060-1083.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2026.0059

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面向极端环境的单晶光纤传感技术研究进展

罗哲雨1(), 仝来源1, 张振荣1, 黄俊嘉2(), 于洋3()   

  1. 1.广西大学计算机与电子信息学院,南宁 530004
    2.中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所,桂林 541000
    3.国防科技大学理学院,长沙 410073
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-07 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-04
  • 通信作者: 黄俊嘉,工程师。E-mail:sandyjunjia@163.com
    于洋,博士,副研究员。E-mail:yuyang08a@nudt.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:罗哲雨(2000—),男,湖南省人,硕士研究生。E-mail:1204406690@qq.com
    黄俊嘉,中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所工程师,毕业于英国考文垂大学。主要研究方向为光通信相关理论与应用。
    于洋,国防科技大学理学院副研究员、硕士生导师。主要研究方向包括光纤传感、极端环境多物理场监测技术等。主持国家自然科学基金面上项目,参与国家重点研发计划、军队重大科研项目等。以第一作者或通信作者在Opto-Electronic AdvancesIEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology等期刊发表论文50余篇,申请专利20余项,获湖南省光学科技进展奖1项。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(62275269);广西科技计划项目(桂科FN2600640534);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD25069071)

Research Progress of Single-Crystal Optical Fiber Sensing Technology for Extreme Environments

LUO Zheyu1(), TONG Laiyuan1, ZHANG Zhenrong1, HUANG Junjia2(), YU Yang3()   

  1. 1.School of Computer and Electronic Information,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
    2.The 34th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Guilin 541000,China
    3.School of Sciences,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
  • Received:2026-04-07 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-04

摘要: 航空航天、核反应堆及深地勘探等极端环境对可靠性传感技术提出了严苛要求。传统石英基光纤在高温和强辐射下易发生结构衰退,而以蓝宝石、钇铝石榴石(YAG)为代表的单晶光纤凭借优异的物理化学稳定性,成为具有较大应用潜力的替代介质。本文梳理了面向极端环境的单晶光纤传感技术的研究进展:总结了激光加热基座法、微下拉法等主流单晶光纤生长技术的演进,并探讨了包层结构开发对模式控制的改善;深入剖析了以飞秒激光逐面刻写为代表的微结构原位加工技术在构建高质量光纤布拉格光栅等传感核心元件中的应用;回顾了单晶光纤传感器在超高温、强辐射及高压等极端工况下的监测实例。本文最后对单晶光纤传感技术在材料缺陷抑制、特种包层制备及信号解调抗干扰方面的未来演进路线进行了展望。

关键词: 单晶光纤; 光纤传感; 晶体生长; 飞秒激光微加工; 光纤布拉格光栅; 极端环境

Abstract: Extreme environments, including aerospace, nuclear reactors, and deep-earth exploration, impose stringent requirements on reliable sensing technologies. Traditional silica-based optical fibers are prone to structural degradation under high temperatures and intense radiation. In contrast, single-crystal optical fibers, represented by sapphire and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), have attracted attention as promising alternative media due to their excellent physical and chemical stability. This paper reviews the research progress of single-crystal optical fiber sensing technologies tailored for extreme environments. It summarizes the evolution of mainstream growth techniques for single-crystal optical fibers, such as laser-heated pedestal growth and the micro-pulling-down method, and discusses the improvements in mode control achieved through the development of cladding structures. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth analysis of the applications of in situ microstructure processing technologies—typified by femtosecond laser plane-by-plane inscription—in the fabrication of sensing components like high-quality fiber Bragg gratings. The paper also reviews practical monitoring applications of single-crystal optical fiber sensors under extreme operating conditions, including ultra-high temperatures, intense radiation, and high pressures. Finally, it outlines the future development trajectories of single-crystal optical fiber sensing technology, particularly focusing on material defect suppression, the preparation of specialized claddings, and anti-interference in signal demodulation.

Key words: single-crystal optical fiber; optical fiber sensing; crystal growth; femtosecond laser micromachining; fiber Bragg grating; extreme environment

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