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人工晶体学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 439-451.DOI: 10.16553/j.cnki.issn1000-985x.2025.0222

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

垂直布里奇曼法 β-Ga2O3晶体生长过程中的内辐射传热研究

赵琪(), 刘奕豪, 齐小方, 马文成(), 徐永宽, 胡章贵   

  1. 天津理工大学功能晶体研究院,天津市功能晶体材料重点实验室,晶体材料全国重点实验室,天津 300384
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-08
  • 通信作者: 马文成,博士,副教授。E-mail:wcma@email.tjut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:赵琪(2001—),男,内蒙古自治区人,硕士研究生。E-mail:1241445924@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51906086);国家自然科学基金(52327801)

Internal Radiation During β -Ga2O3 Crystal Growth Process by Vertical Bridgman Method

ZHAO Qi(), LIU Yihao, QI Xiaofang, MA Wencheng(), XU Yongkuan, HU Zhanggui   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials,Institute of Functional Crystals,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China
  • Received:2025-10-22 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-08

摘要: β相氧化镓晶体(β-Ga2O3)因具有超宽禁带特性成为高功率器件的关键材料,垂直布里奇曼(VB)法是目前最有机会实现商业化生长氧化镓单晶的方法。然而,氧化镓晶体与熔体的半透明性会引发显著的内辐射传热,该效应会影响晶体生长过程中的温场与流场,进而影响晶体质量。因此本文采用有限元软件Comsol Multiphysics建立VB法氧化镓晶体生长过程的传热数值模型,系统探究了内辐射传热对温场、熔体流场、固液界面和晶体热应力的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明,晶体内辐射传热会显著增强晶体热输运,来自固液界面的辐射传热可以直接穿透半透明晶体至坩埚壁,降低晶体内部温度梯度与热应力,该辐射传热对固液界面产生直接辐射冷却,因此固液界面处温度有下降的趋势。为了维持熔点温度,固液界面必须向上部高温熔体移动,固液界面凸度增加。熔体内辐射传热也会影响熔体区域的热量传递,来自热区的辐射传热会穿透熔体至固液界面,起到辐射加热固液界面的效果,因此固液界面向晶体侧移动,固液界面形状凸度变小,呈W型分布,但由于晶体等温线与热应力主要聚集在晶体底部,对晶体内部温度梯度与热应力影响很小。此外,本文还系统分析了内辐射传热对晶体/熔体吸收系数的敏感性,发现随着晶体吸收系数减小,晶体内辐射传热作用增强,熔体和晶体内温度梯度减小,晶体热应力减小,固液界面凸度增加,将导致溶质径向分布不均。随着熔体吸收系数的减小,熔体内辐射增强,晶体底部温度梯度与热应力略有下降,固液界面中心凸度变小,W型分布更加明显,边缘更易多晶成核,进而影响晶体质量。

关键词: 氧化镓晶体; 垂直布里奇曼法; 内辐射传热; 热应力; 数值模拟

Abstract: β-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) crystals have become a key material for high-power devices due to their ultra-wide bandgap characteristics. The vertical Bridgman (VB) method is currently the most promising approach for commercial-scale growth of gallium oxide single crystals. However, the semi-transparent nature of gallium oxide crystals and melts can cause significant internal radiation, which affects the temperature and flow fields during crystal growth process, and thus the crystal quality. Therefore, in this paper, a heat transfer numerical model for the growth process of gallium oxide crystals by VB method was established using the finite element software Comsol Multiphysics. The influence of internal radiation on the temperature field, melt flow field, melt-crystal interface, and crystal thermal stress was systematically investigated. The numerical simulation results show that the internal radiation in the crystal significantly enhances the thermal transport of the crystal. The radiation heat from the melt-crystal interface can directly penetrate the semi-transparent crystal to the crucible wall, reducing the temperature gradient and thermal stress inside the crystal. This radiation directly cools the melt-crystal interface, causing a downward trend in the temperature at the interface. To maintain the melting point temperature, the melt-crystal interface must move towards the upper high-temperature melt, increasing the convexity of the interface. The internal radiation in the melt also affects the heat transfer in the melt region. The radiation from the hot zone can penetrate the melt to the melt-crystal interface, radiatively heating the interface. Therefore, the melt-crystal interface moves towards the crystal side, and the convexity of the interface shape decreases, presenting a W-shaped distribution. However, since the isothermal lines and thermal stress of the crystal mainly accumulate at the bottom of the crystal, the effect on the temperature gradient and thermal stress inside the crystal is small. In addition, the sensitivity of internal radiation to the absorption coefficients of the crystal and melt was systematically analyzed. It was found that as the absorption coefficient of the crystal decreases, the internal radiation in the crystal increases, the temperature gradients in the melt and crystal decrease, the thermal stress of the crystal decreases, and the convexity of the melt-crystal interface increases, leading to an uneven radial distribution of solutes. As the absorption coefficient of the melt decreases, the internal radiation in the melt increases, the temperature gradient and thermal stress at the bottom of the crystal slightly decrease, the convexity of the melt-crystal interface at the center decreases, the W-shaped distribution becomes more obvious, and the edges are more prone to polycrystalline nucleation, thereby affecting the crystal quality.

Key words: gallium oxide crystal; vertical Bridgman method; internal radiation; thermal stress; numerical simulation

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